是否有办法在bash上比较这些字符串，例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?
当前回答
我不喜欢这些解决方案，因为它们漏洞百出、不可移植等等。
我(目前)努力提出一个更好的解决方案……src: version_compare(),测试
Sorta-copied /贴在这里……
来源:
##
# Compare two versions.
#
# **Usage:** version_compare version1 operator version2
#
# - operator:
#
# + ``lesser_than``, ``-lt``, ``<``
# + ``lesser_than_or_equal``, ``-le``, ``<=``
# + ``greater_than``, ``-gt``, ``>``
# + ``greater_than_or_equal``, ``-ge``, ``>=``
# + ``equal``, ``-eq``, ``==``
# + ``not_equal``, ``-ne``, ``!=``
#
# - version{1,2}: arbitrary version strings to compare
#
# **Version Format:** ``[0-9]+($VERSION_SEPARATOR[0-9]+)*`` (i.e. 1, 1.0, 90, 1.2.3.4)
#
# **Returns:** true if comparison statement is correct
##
version_compare() {
_largest_version "$1" "$3"; _cmp="$(printf '%s' "$?")"
# Check for valid responses or bail early
case "$_cmp" in
1|0|2) :;;
*) _die "$_cmp" 'version comparison failed';;
esac
# The easy part
case "$2" in
'lesser_than'|'-lt'|'<')
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'lesser_or_equal'|'-le'|'<=')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_than'|'-gt'|'>')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_or_equal'|'-ge'|'>=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'equal'|'-eq'|'==')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'not_equal'|'-ne'|'!=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
*) _die 7 'Unknown operatoration called for version_compare().';;
esac
return 1
}
##
# Print a formatted (critical) message and exit with status.
#
# **Usage:** _die [exit_status] message
#
# - exit_status: exit code to use with script termination (default: 1)
# - message: message to print before terminating script execution
##
_die() {
# If first argument was an integer, use as exit_status
if [ "$1" -eq "$1" ] 2>/dev/null; then
_exit_status="$1"; shift
else
_exit_status=1
fi
printf '*** CRITICAL: %s ***\n' "$1"
exit "$_exit_status"
}
##
# Compare two versions.
# Check if one version is larger/smaller/equal than/to another.
#
# **Usage:** _largest_version ver1 ver2
#
# Returns: ($1 > $2): 1 ; ($1 = $2): 0 ; ($1 < $2): 2
# [IOW- 1 = $1 is largest; 0 = neither ; 2 = $2 is largest]
##
_largest_version() (
# Value used to separate version components
VERSION_SEPARATOR="${VERSION_SEPARATOR:-.}"
for _p in "$1" "$2"; do
[ "$(printf %.1s "$_p")" = "$VERSION_SEPARATOR" ] &&
_die 7 'invalid version pattern provided'
done
# Split versions on VER_SEP into int/sub
_v="$1$2"
_v1="$1"
_s1="${1#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v1" = "$_s1" ]; then
_s1=''
_m1="$_v1"
else
_m1="${1%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi
_v2="$2"
_s2="${2#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v2" = "$_s2" ]; then
_s2=''
_m2="$_v2"
else
_m2="${2%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi
# Both are equal
[ "$_v1" = "$_v2" ] && return 0
# Something is larger than nothing (30 < 30.0)
if [ -n "$_v1" ] && [ ! -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 1
elif [ ! -n "$_v1" ] && [ -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 2
fi
# Check for invalid
case "$_m1$_m2" in
*[!0-9]*)
_die 7 'version_compare called with unsupported version type'
;;
esac
# If a ver_sep is present
if [ "${_v#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}" != "$_v" ]; then
# Check for a larger "major" version number
[ "$_m1" -lt "$_m2" ] && return 2
[ "$_m1" -gt "$_m2" ] && return 1
# Compare substring components
_largest_version "$_s1" "$_s2"; return "$?"
else
# Only integers present; simple integer comparison
[ "$_v1" -lt "$_v2" ] && return 2
[ "$_v1" -gt "$_v2" ] && return 1
fi
)
测试:
# Simple test of all operators
( version_compare '1' 'lesser_than' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'equal' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' 'not_equal' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'greater_than' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '-lt' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-eq' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-gt' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect true)
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-lt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-eq' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-ne' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-gt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-lt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-eq' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-ne' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect true)
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '7.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.0' '-eq' '7.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Invalid operation supplied
( version_compare '2' '-inv' '1' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# Invalid version formats
( version_compare '1..0' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1..0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1.0b7' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0a' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# "how does that handle comparing 10.0.0 (not a number) to 2.0 (a number)?"
( version_compare '10.0.0' '-lt' '2.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '10.0' '-gt' '2.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# not less/greater-than... but equal
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# String vs. numerical comparison
( version_compare '1.18.1' '-gt' '1.8.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Random tests found on the internet
( version_compare '1' '==' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '<' '2.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.4.10' '>' '3.0.4.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '4.08' '<' '4.08.01' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2.1.9.8144' '>' '3.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2' '<' '3.2.1.9.8144' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.2' '<' '2.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '>' '1.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '5.6.7' '==' '5.6.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.01.1' '==' '1.1.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.1.1' '==' '1.01.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0.0' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
其他回答
我使用一个函数来规范化这些数字，然后比较它们。
for循环用于将版本字符串中的八进制数转换为十进制数，例如:1.08→1 8,1.0030→1 30,2021-02-03→2021 2 3…
(用bash 5.0.17测试
#!/usr/bin/env bash
v() {
printf "%04d%04d%04d%04d%04d" $(for i in ${1//[^0-9]/ }; do printf "%d " $((10#$i)); done)
}
while read -r test; do
set -- $test
printf "$test "
eval "if [[ $(v $1) $3 $(v $2) ]] ; then echo true; else echo false; fi"
done << EOF
1 1 ==
2.1 2.2 <
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 >
4.08 4.08.01 <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 >
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2 2.1 <
2.1 1.2 >
5.6.7 5.6.7 ==
1.01.1 1.1.1 ==
1.1.1 1.01.1 ==
1 1.0 ==
1.0 1 ==
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 ==
1..0 1.0 ==
1.0 1..0 ==
1 1 >
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 >
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 ==
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 <
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 !=
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3+rc4 <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1 <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1 <
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04 <
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release <
EOF
结果:
1 1 == true
2.1 2.2 < true
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 > true
4.08 4.08.01 < true
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 > true
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 < true
1.2 2.1 < true
2.1 1.2 > true
5.6.7 5.6.7 == true
1.01.1 1.1.1 == true
1.1.1 1.01.1 == true
1 1.0 == true
1.0 1 == true
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 == true
1..0 1.0 == true
1.0 1..0 == true
1 1 > false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 > false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 == false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 < true
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 != true
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3+rc4 < true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1 < true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1 < true
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04 < true
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release < true
您可以通过版本命令行查看版本约束
$ version ">=1.0, <2.0" "1.7"
$ go version | version ">=1.9"
Bash脚本示例:
#!/bin/bash
if `version -b ">=9.0.0" "$(gcc --version)"`; then
echo "gcc version satisfies constraints >=9.0.0"
else
echo "gcc version doesn't satisfies constraints >=9.0.0"
fi
你们都给出了复杂的解决方案。这里有一个更简单的例子。
function compare_versions {
local a=${1%%.*} b=${2%%.*}
[[ "10#${a:-0}" -gt "10#${b:-0}" ]] && return 1
[[ "10#${a:-0}" -lt "10#${b:-0}" ]] && return 2
a=${1:${#a} + 1} b=${2:${#b} + 1}
[[ -z $a && -z $b ]] || compare_versions "$a" "$b"
}
用法:compare_versions <ver_a> <ver_b>
返回代码1表示第一个版本大于第二个版本，2表示小于第二个版本，0表示两者相等。
也是一个非递归的版本:
function compare_versions {
local a=$1 b=$2 x y
while [[ $a || $b ]]; do
x=${a%%.*} y=${b%%.*}
[[ "10#${x:-0}" -gt "10#${y:-0}" ]] && return 1
[[ "10#${x:-0}" -lt "10#${y:-0}" ]] && return 2
a=${a:${#x} + 1} b=${b:${#y} + 1}
done
return 0
}
下面是一个不使用外部命令的简单Bash函数。它适用于包含最多三个数字部分的版本字符串-小于3也是可以的。它可以很容易地扩展为更多。它实现了=、<、<=、>、>=和!=条件。
#!/bin/bash
vercmp() {
version1=$1 version2=$2 condition=$3
IFS=. v1_array=($version1) v2_array=($version2)
v1=$((v1_array[0] * 100 + v1_array[1] * 10 + v1_array[2]))
v2=$((v2_array[0] * 100 + v2_array[1] * 10 + v2_array[2]))
diff=$((v2 - v1))
[[ $condition = '=' ]] && ((diff == 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '!=' ]] && ((diff != 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<' ]] && ((diff > 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<=' ]] && ((diff >= 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>' ]] && ((diff < 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>=' ]] && ((diff <= 0)) && return 0
return 1
}
下面是测试:
for tv1 in '*' 1.1.1 2.5.3 7.3.0 0.5.7 10.3.9 8.55.32 0.0.1; do
for tv2 in 3.1.1 1.5.3 4.3.0 0.0.7 0.3.9 11.55.32 10.0.0 '*'; do
for c in '=' '>' '<' '>=' '<=' '!='; do
vercmp "$tv1" "$tv2" "$c" && printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is true" || printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is false"
done
done
done
测试输出的子集:
<snip>
* >= * is true
* <= * is true
* != * is true
1.1.1 = 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 > 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 < 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 >= 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 <= 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 != 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 = 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 > 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 < 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 >= 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 <= 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 != 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 = 4.3.0 is false
1.1.1 > 4.3.0 is false
<snip>
可能没有普遍正确的方法来实现这一点。如果您正在尝试比较Debian包系统中的版本，请尝试dpkg——compare-versions <first> <relation> <second>。
