我一直在安卓SDK平台上工作,现在还不清楚如何保存应用程序的状态。因此,考虑到“你好,Android”示例的这个小的重新设计:

package com.android.hello;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class HelloAndroid extends Activity {

  private TextView mTextView = null;

  /** Called when the activity is first created. */
  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    mTextView = new TextView(this);

    if (savedInstanceState == null) {
       mTextView.setText("Welcome to HelloAndroid!");
    } else {
       mTextView.setText("Welcome back.");
    }

    setContentView(mTextView);
  }
}

我认为这对于最简单的情况来说已经足够了,但无论我如何离开应用程序,它总是以第一条消息来响应。

我确信解决方案就像重写onPause之类的东西一样简单,但我已经在文档中翻了大约30分钟,没有发现任何明显的东西。


当前回答

同时,我一般不再使用

Bundle savedInstanceState & Co

对于大多数活动来说,生命周期过于复杂且不必要。

谷歌表示,它甚至不可靠。

我的方法是立即保存首选项中的任何更改:

 SharedPreferences p;
 p.edit().put(..).commit()

在某种程度上,SharedPreferences的工作方式与Bundles类似。首先,这些值必须从偏好中读取。

对于复杂数据,您可以使用SQLite而不是首选项。

应用此概念时,活动只会继续使用上次保存的状态,而不管它是在重新启动后的初始打开状态,还是由于后堆栈而重新打开。

其他回答

savedInstanceState仅用于保存与“活动”的当前实例相关联的状态,例如当前导航或选择信息,这样,如果Android破坏并重新创建“活动”,它就可以恢复原样。请参阅onCreate和onSaveInstanceState的文档

对于更长寿命的状态,请考虑使用SQLite数据库、文件或首选项。请参阅保存持久状态。

要获取存储在onCreate()中的活动状态数据,首先必须通过重写SaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState)方法将数据保存在savedInstanceStatus中。

当调用activity destroy SaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState)方法并保存要保存的数据时。当活动重新启动时,在onCreate()中也会得到同样的结果。(savedInstanceState不会为空,因为在活动被破坏之前,您已经在其中保存了一些数据)

您可以使用JetPack中的生命周期实时数据和视图模型Handel。参见本参考:

https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/livedata

您需要重写onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState),并将要更改的应用程序状态值写入Bundle参数,如下所示:

@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
  // Save UI state changes to the savedInstanceState.
  // This bundle will be passed to onCreate if the process is
  // killed and restarted.
  savedInstanceState.putBoolean("MyBoolean", true);
  savedInstanceState.putDouble("myDouble", 1.9);
  savedInstanceState.putInt("MyInt", 1);
  savedInstanceState.putString("MyString", "Welcome back to Android");
  // etc.
}

Bundle本质上是一种存储NVP(“名称-值对”)映射的方法,它将被传递到onCreate()和onRestoreInstanceState(),然后在那里您可以从如下活动中提取值:

@Override
public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
  // Restore UI state from the savedInstanceState.
  // This bundle has also been passed to onCreate.
  boolean myBoolean = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("MyBoolean");
  double myDouble = savedInstanceState.getDouble("myDouble");
  int myInt = savedInstanceState.getInt("MyInt");
  String myString = savedInstanceState.getString("MyString");
}

或者从碎片中提取。

@Override
public void onViewStateRestored(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onViewStateRestored(savedInstanceState);
    // Restore UI state from the savedInstanceState.
    // This bundle has also been passed to onCreate.
    boolean myBoolean = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("MyBoolean");
    double myDouble = savedInstanceState.getDouble("myDouble");
    int myInt = savedInstanceState.getInt("MyInt");
    String myString = savedInstanceState.getString("MyString");
}

您通常会使用此技术来存储应用程序的实例值(选择、未保存的文本等)。

解决这个问题的简单快捷方法是使用IcePick

首先,在app/build.gradle中设置库

repositories {
  maven {url "https://clojars.org/repo/"}
}
dependencies {
  compile 'frankiesardo:icepick:3.2.0'
  provided 'frankiesardo:icepick-processor:3.2.0'
}

现在,让我们看看下面的示例,如何在“活动”中保存状态

public class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
  @State String username; // This will be automatically saved and restored

  @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    Icepick.restoreInstanceState(this, savedInstanceState);
  }

  @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    Icepick.saveInstanceState(this, outState);
  }
}

它适用于Activities、Fragments或任何需要在Bundle上序列化其状态的对象(例如,迫击炮的ViewPresenter)

Icepick还可以为自定义视图生成实例状态代码:

class CustomView extends View {
  @State int selectedPosition; // This will be automatically saved and restored

  @Override public Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() {
    return Icepick.saveInstanceState(this, super.onSaveInstanceState());
  }

  @Override public void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state) {
    super.onRestoreInstanceState(Icepick.restoreInstanceState(this, state));
  }

  // You can put the calls to Icepick into a BaseCustomView and inherit from it
  // All Views extending this CustomView automatically have state saved/restored
}