让我们把你的优秀和最喜欢的扩展方法列一个列表。
要求是必须发布完整的代码,以及如何使用它的示例和解释。
基于对这个主题的高度兴趣,我在Codeplex上建立了一个名为extensionoverflow的开源项目。
请将您的回答标记为接受,以便将代码放入Codeplex项目。
请张贴完整的源代码,而不是一个链接。
Codeplex上新闻:
24.08.2010 Codeplex页面现在在这里:http://extensionoverflow.codeplex.com/
11.11.2008 XmlSerialize / XmlDeserialize现在是实现和单元测试。
11.11.2008仍有发展空间。;-)现在就加入!
11.11.2008第三位贡献者加入了ExtensionOverflow,欢迎加入BKristensen
11.11.2008 FormatWith现在是实现和单元测试。
09.11.2008第二个贡献者加入ExtensionOverflow。欢迎来到chakrit。
我们需要更多的开发人员。: -)
09.11.2008 ThrowIfArgumentIsNull现已在Codeplex上实现和单元测试。
// This file contains extension methods for generic List<> class to operate on sorted lists.
// Duplicate values are OK.
// O(ln(n)) is still much faster then the O(n) of LINQ's searches/filters.
static partial class SortedList
{
// Return the index of the first element with the key greater then provided.
// If there's no such element within the provided range, it returns iAfterLast.
public static int sortedFirstGreaterIndex<tElt, tKey>( this IList<tElt> list, Func<tElt, tKey, int> comparer, tKey key, int iFirst, int iAfterLast )
{
if( iFirst < 0 || iAfterLast < 0 || iFirst > list.Count || iAfterLast > list.Count )
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
if( iFirst > iAfterLast )
throw new ArgumentException();
if( iFirst == iAfterLast )
return iAfterLast;
int low = iFirst, high = iAfterLast;
// The code below is inspired by the following article:
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search#Single_comparison_per_iteration
while( low < high )
{
int mid = ( high + low ) / 2;
// 'mid' might be 'iFirst' in case 'iFirst+1 == iAfterLast'.
// 'mid' will never be 'iAfterLast'.
if( comparer( list[ mid ], key ) <= 0 ) // "<=" since we gonna find the first "greater" element
low = mid + 1;
else
high = mid;
}
return low;
}
// Return the index of the first element with the key greater then the provided key.
// If there's no such element, returns list.Count.
public static int sortedFirstGreaterIndex<tElt, tKey>( this IList<tElt> list, Func<tElt, tKey, int> comparer, tKey key )
{
return list.sortedFirstGreaterIndex( comparer, key, 0, list.Count );
}
// Add an element to the sorted array.
// This could be an expensive operation if frequently adding elements that sort firstly.
// This is cheap operation when adding elements that sort near the tail of the list.
public static int sortedAdd<tElt>( this List<tElt> list, Func<tElt, tElt, int> comparer, tElt elt )
{
if( list.Count == 0 || comparer( list[ list.Count - 1 ], elt ) <= 0 )
{
// either the list is empty, or the item is greater then all elements already in the collection.
list.Add( elt );
return list.Count - 1;
}
int ind = list.sortedFirstGreaterIndex( comparer, elt );
list.Insert( ind, elt );
return ind;
}
// Find first exactly equal element, return -1 if not found.
public static int sortedFindFirstIndex<tElt, tKey>( this List<tElt> list, Func<tElt, tKey, int> comparer, tKey elt )
{
int low = 0, high = list.Count - 1;
while( low < high )
{
int mid = ( high + low ) / 2;
if( comparer( list[ mid ], elt ) < 0 )
low = mid + 1;
else
high = mid; // this includes the case when we've found an element exactly matching the key
}
if( high >= 0 && 0 == comparer( list[ high ], elt ) )
return high;
return -1;
}
// Return the IEnumerable that returns array elements in the reverse order.
public static IEnumerable<tElt> sortedReverse<tElt>( this List<tElt> list )
{
for( int i=list.Count - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
yield return list[ i ];
}
}
字符串。As<T>,可用于将字符串值转换为某种类型(主要用于支持IConvertable的原语和类型)。工作伟大的空类型,甚至枚举!
public static partial class StringExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Converts the string to the specified type, using the default value configured for the type.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type the string will be converted to. The type must implement IConvertable.</typeparam>
/// <param name="original">The original string.</param>
/// <returns>The converted value.</returns>
public static T As<T>(this String original)
{
return As(original, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
default(T));
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the string to the specified type, using the default value configured for the type.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type the string will be converted to.</typeparam>
/// <param name="original">The original string.</param>
/// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to use in case the original string is null or empty, or can't be converted.</param>
/// <returns>The converted value.</returns>
public static T As<T>(this String original, T defaultValue)
{
return As(original, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, defaultValue);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the string to the specified type, using the default value configured for the type.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type the string will be converted to.</typeparam>
/// <param name="original">The original string.</param>
/// <param name="provider">Format provider used during the type conversion.</param>
/// <returns>The converted value.</returns>
public static T As<T>(this String original, IFormatProvider provider)
{
return As(original, provider, default(T));
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the string to the specified type.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type the string will be converted to.</typeparam>
/// <param name="original">The original string.</param>
/// <param name="provider">Format provider used during the type conversion.</param>
/// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to use in case the original string is null or empty, or can't be converted.</param>
/// <returns>The converted value.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// If an error occurs while converting the specified value to the requested type, the exception is caught and the default is returned. It is strongly recommended you
/// do NOT use this method if it is important that conversion failures are not swallowed up.
///
/// This method is intended to be used to convert string values to primatives, not for parsing, converting, or deserializing complex types.
/// </remarks>
public static T As<T>(this String original, IFormatProvider provider,
T defaultValue)
{
T result;
Type type = typeof (T);
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(original)) result = defaultValue;
else
{
// need to get the underlying type if T is Nullable<>.
if (type.IsNullableType())
{
type = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(type);
}
try
{
// ChangeType doesn't work properly on Enums
result = type.IsEnum
? (T) Enum.Parse(type, original, true)
: (T) Convert.ChangeType(original, type, provider);
}
catch // HACK: what can we do to minimize or avoid raising exceptions as part of normal operation? custom string parsing (regex?) for well-known types? it would be best to know if you can convert to the desired type before you attempt to do so.
{
result = defaultValue;
}
}
return result;
}
}
这依赖于Type的另一个简单扩展:
/// <summary>
/// Extension methods for <see cref="Type"/>.
/// </summary>
public static class TypeExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the specified type is <see cref="Nullable{T}"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type">A <see cref="Type"/>.</param>
/// <returns>True if the specified type is <see cref="Nullable{T}"/>; otherwise, false.</returns>
/// <remarks>Use <see cref="Nullable.GetUnderlyingType"/> to access the underlying type.</remarks>
public static bool IsNullableType(this Type type)
{
if (type == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("type");
return type.IsGenericType && type.GetGenericTypeDefinition().Equals(typeof (Nullable<>));
}
}
用法:
var someInt = "1".As<int>();
var someIntDefault = "bad value".As(1); // "bad value" won't convert, so the default value 1 is returned.
var someEnum = "Sunday".As<DayOfWeek>();
someEnum = "0".As<DayOfWeek>(); // returns Sunday
var someNullableEnum = "".As<DayOfWeek?>(null); // returns a null value since "" can't be converted
简明扼要地提出事件:
public static void Raise(this EventHandler handler, object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (handler != null)
{
handler(sender, e);
}
}
public static void Raise<T>(this EventHandler<T> handler, object sender, T e) where T : EventArgs
{
if (handler != null)
{
handler(sender, e);
}
}
用法:
public event EventHandler Bar;
public void Foo()
{
Bar.Raise(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
这里有一些关于潜在线程安全问题的讨论。从。net 4开始,上面的表单是线程安全的,但如果使用旧版本,则需要重新排列和一些锁。
在我的MiscUtil项目中有各种扩展方法(完整的源代码在那里可用-我不打算在这里重复它)。我最喜欢的,其中一些涉及其他类(如范围):
日期和时间——主要用于单元测试。我不确定我会在生产中使用它们:)
var birthday = 19.June(1976);
var workingDay = 7.Hours() + 30.Minutes();
范围和步进——非常感谢Marc Gravell的运算符使这成为可能:
var evenNaturals = 2.To(int.MaxValue).Step(2);
var daysSinceBirth = birthday.To(DateTime.Today).Step(1.Days());
比较:
var myComparer = ProjectionComparer.Create(Person p => p.Name);
var next = myComparer.ThenBy(p => p.Age);
var reversed = myComparer.Reverse();
参数检查:
x.ThrowIfNull("x");
LINQ to XML应用于匿名类型(或其他具有适当属性的类型):
// <Name>Jon</Name><Age>32</Age>
new { Name="Jon", Age=32}.ToXElements();
// Name="Jon" Age="32" (as XAttributes, obviously)
new { Name="Jon", Age=32}.ToXAttributes()
Push LINQ -在这里解释太长了,但是可以搜索一下。