你用const能做到什么程度?你只是在必要的时候才把函数变成const,还是从头到尾到处都用它?例如,想象一个简单的变异子,它接受一个布尔参数:
void SetValue(const bool b) { my_val_ = b; }
这个const真的有用吗?就我个人而言,我选择广泛地使用它,包括参数,但在这种情况下,我想知道它是否值得?
我还惊讶地发现,你可以在函数声明中的形参中省略const,但可以在函数定义中包含它,例如:
. h文件
void func(int n, long l);
. cpp文件
void func(const int n, const long l)
这有什么原因吗?这对我来说有点不寻常。
If the parameter is passed by value (and is not a reference), usually there is not much difference whether the parameter is declared as const or not (unless it contains a reference member -- not a problem for built-in types). If the parameter is a reference or pointer, it is usually better to protect the referenced/pointed-to memory, not the pointer itself (I think you cannot make the reference itself const, not that it matters much as you cannot change the referee).
It seems a good idea to protect everything you can as const. You can omit it without fear of making a mistake if the parameters are just PODs (including built-in types) and there is no chance of them changing further along the road (e.g. in your example the bool parameter).
I didn't know about the .h/.cpp file declaration difference, but it does make some sense. At the machine code level, nothing is "const", so if you declare a function (in the .h) as non-const, the code is the same as if you declare it as const (optimizations aside). However, it helps you to enlist the compiler that you will not change the value of the variable inside the implementation of the function (.ccp). It might come handy in the case when you're inheriting from an interface that allows change, but you don't need to change to parameter to achieve the required functionality.
将值参数标记为“const”绝对是一件主观的事情。
然而,我实际上更喜欢将值形参标记为const,就像您的示例中一样。
void func(const int n, const long l) { /* ... */ }
对我来说,这个值清楚地表明函数的参数值永远不会被函数改变。它们在开始和结束时的值是一样的。对我来说,这是保持函数式编程风格的一部分。
对于一个简短的函数,在那里使用'const'可以说是浪费时间/空间,因为通常很明显函数不会修改实参。
然而,对于较大的函数,它是一种实现文档的形式,由编译器强制执行。
我可以肯定,如果我用'n'和'l'进行一些计算,我可以重构/移动计算,而不用担心得到不同的结果,因为我错过了一个地方,其中一个或两个都改变了。
因为它是一个实现细节,所以不需要在头文件中声明值形参const,就像不需要声明与实现使用的同名的函数形参一样。