在。net下使用c#和WPF(而不是Windows窗体或控制台),创建一个只能作为单个实例运行的应用程序的正确方法是什么?
我知道它与某种叫做互斥的神秘事物有关,我很少能找到有人费心停下来解释其中一个是什么。
代码还需要通知已经运行的实例,用户试图启动第二个实例,如果存在命令行参数,还可能传递任何命令行参数。
在。net下使用c#和WPF(而不是Windows窗体或控制台),创建一个只能作为单个实例运行的应用程序的正确方法是什么?
我知道它与某种叫做互斥的神秘事物有关,我很少能找到有人费心停下来解释其中一个是什么。
代码还需要通知已经运行的实例,用户试图启动第二个实例,如果存在命令行参数,还可能传递任何命令行参数。
当前回答
使用互斥量解决方案:
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;
namespace OneAndOnlyOne
{
static class Program
{
static String _mutexID = " // generate guid"
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Boolean _isNotRunning;
using (Mutex _mutex = new Mutex(true, _mutexID, out _isNotRunning))
{
if (_isNotRunning)
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("An instance is already running.");
return;
}
}
}
}
}
其他回答
通常,这是我用于单实例Windows窗体应用程序的代码:
[STAThread]
public static void Main()
{
String assemblyName = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name;
using (Mutex mutex = new Mutex(false, assemblyName))
{
if (!mutex.WaitOne(0, false))
{
Boolean shownProcess = false;
Process currentProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
foreach (Process process in Process.GetProcessesByName(currentProcess.ProcessName))
{
if (!process.Id.Equals(currentProcess.Id) && process.MainModule.FileName.Equals(currentProcess.MainModule.FileName) && !process.MainWindowHandle.Equals(IntPtr.Zero))
{
IntPtr windowHandle = process.MainWindowHandle;
if (NativeMethods.IsIconic(windowHandle))
NativeMethods.ShowWindow(windowHandle, ShowWindowCommand.Restore);
NativeMethods.SetForegroundWindow(windowHandle);
shownProcess = true;
}
}
if (!shownProcess)
MessageBox.Show(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "An instance of {0} is already running!", assemblyName), assemblyName, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, (MessageBoxOptions)0);
}
else
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Form());
}
}
}
本地组件的位置:
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern Boolean IsIconic([In] IntPtr windowHandle);
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern Boolean SetForegroundWindow([In] IntPtr windowHandle);
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern Boolean ShowWindow([In] IntPtr windowHandle, [In] ShowWindowCommand command);
public enum ShowWindowCommand : int
{
Hide = 0x0,
ShowNormal = 0x1,
ShowMinimized = 0x2,
ShowMaximized = 0x3,
ShowNormalNotActive = 0x4,
Minimize = 0x6,
ShowMinimizedNotActive = 0x7,
ShowCurrentNotActive = 0x8,
Restore = 0x9,
ShowDefault = 0xA,
ForceMinimize = 0xB
}
这就是我最终处理这个问题的方式。注意,调试代码仍然在那里进行测试。这段代码在App.xaml.cs文件的OnStartup中。(WPF)
// Process already running ?
if (Process.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName).Length > 1)
{
// Show your error message
MessageBox.Show("xxx is already running. \r\n\r\nIf the original process is hung up you may need to restart your computer, or kill the current xxx process using the task manager.", "xxx is already running!", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Exclamation);
// This process
Process currentProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
// Get all processes running on the local computer.
Process[] localAll = Process.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);
// ID of this process...
int temp = currentProcess.Id;
MessageBox.Show("This Process ID: " + temp.ToString());
for (int i = 0; i < localAll.Length; i++)
{
// Find the other process
if (localAll[i].Id != currentProcess.Id)
{
MessageBox.Show("Original Process ID (Switching to): " + localAll[i].Id.ToString());
// Switch to it...
SetForegroundWindow(localAll[i].MainWindowHandle);
}
}
Application.Current.Shutdown();
}
这可能有我还没有发现的问题。如果我遇到了,我会更新我的答案。
从这里。
跨进程互斥锁的一个常见用途是确保一个程序一次只能运行一个实例。以下是如何做到的:
class OneAtATimePlease {
// Use a name unique to the application (eg include your company URL)
static Mutex mutex = new Mutex (false, "oreilly.com OneAtATimeDemo");
static void Main()
{
// Wait 5 seconds if contended – in case another instance
// of the program is in the process of shutting down.
if (!mutex.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromSeconds (5), false))
{
Console.WriteLine("Another instance of the app is running. Bye!");
return;
}
try
{
Console.WriteLine("Running - press Enter to exit");
Console.ReadLine();
}
finally
{
mutex.ReleaseMutex();
}
}
}
互斥锁的一个很好的特性是,如果应用程序在没有首先调用ReleaseMutex的情况下终止,CLR将自动释放互斥锁。
请检查这里提出的解决方案,它使用信号量来确定现有实例是否已经在运行,适用于WPF应用程序,并且可以通过使用TcpListener和TcpClient将参数从第二个实例传递给第一个已经运行的实例:
它不仅适用于。net Framework,也适用于。net Core。
您还可以使用CodeFluent Runtime,这是一组免费的工具。它提供了一个SingleInstance类来实现单个实例应用程序。