在。net下使用c#和WPF(而不是Windows窗体或控制台),创建一个只能作为单个实例运行的应用程序的正确方法是什么?
我知道它与某种叫做互斥的神秘事物有关,我很少能找到有人费心停下来解释其中一个是什么。
代码还需要通知已经运行的实例,用户试图启动第二个实例,如果存在命令行参数,还可能传递任何命令行参数。
在。net下使用c#和WPF(而不是Windows窗体或控制台),创建一个只能作为单个实例运行的应用程序的正确方法是什么?
我知道它与某种叫做互斥的神秘事物有关,我很少能找到有人费心停下来解释其中一个是什么。
代码还需要通知已经运行的实例,用户试图启动第二个实例,如果存在命令行参数,还可能传递任何命令行参数。
当前回答
您还可以使用CodeFluent Runtime,这是一组免费的工具。它提供了一个SingleInstance类来实现单个实例应用程序。
其他回答
这是我用的。它结合了进程枚举来执行切换和互斥,以防止“活动点击器”:
public partial class App
{
[DllImport("user32")]
private static extern int OpenIcon(IntPtr hWnd);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(e);
var p = Process
.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);
foreach (var t in p.Where(t => t.MainWindowHandle != IntPtr.Zero))
{
OpenIcon(t.MainWindowHandle);
SetForegroundWindow(t.MainWindowHandle);
Current.Shutdown();
return;
}
// there is a chance the user tries to click on the icon repeatedly
// and the process cannot be discovered yet
bool createdNew;
var mutex = new Mutex(true, "MyAwesomeApp",
out createdNew); // must be a variable, though it is unused -
// we just need a bit of time until the process shows up
if (!createdNew)
{
Current.Shutdown();
return;
}
new Bootstrapper().Run();
}
}
请看下面的代码。它是防止一个WPF应用程序有多个实例的一个很好的简单解决方案。
private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
{
Process thisProc = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
if (Process.GetProcessesByName(thisProc.ProcessName).Length > 1)
{
MessageBox.Show("Application running");
Application.Current.Shutdown();
return;
}
var wLogin = new LoginWindow();
if (wLogin.ShowDialog() == true)
{
var wMain = new Main();
wMain.WindowState = WindowState.Maximized;
wMain.Show();
}
else
{
Application.Current.Shutdown();
}
}
永远不要使用命名互斥来实现单实例应用程序(至少在生产代码中不要这样做)。恶意代码可以很容易地DoS(拒绝服务)你的屁股…
但是不使用互斥,简单的回答:
System.Diagnostics;
...
string thisprocessname = Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName;
if (Process.GetProcesses().Count(p => p.ProcessName == thisprocessname) > 1)
return;
把它放在Program.Main()中。 例子:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace Sample
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
//simple add Diagnostics namespace, and these 3 lines below
string thisprocessname = Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName;
if (Process.GetProcesses().Count(p => p.ProcessName == thisprocessname) > 1)
return;
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Sample());
}
}
}
您可以添加MessageBox。在if语句中显示并输入“应用程序已运行”。 这可能对某些人有帮助。
下面是一个示例,它允许您拥有应用程序的单个实例。当加载任何新实例时,它们将参数传递给正在运行的主实例。
public partial class App : Application
{
private static Mutex SingleMutex;
public static uint MessageId;
private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
{
IntPtr Result;
IntPtr SendOk;
Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT CopyData;
string[] Args;
IntPtr CopyDataMem;
bool AllowMultipleInstances = false;
Args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
// TODO: Replace {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} with your application's GUID
MessageId = Win32.RegisterWindowMessage("{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}");
SingleMutex = new Mutex(false, "AppName");
if ((AllowMultipleInstances) || (!AllowMultipleInstances && SingleMutex.WaitOne(1, true)))
{
new Main();
}
else if (Args.Length > 1)
{
foreach (Process Proc in Process.GetProcesses())
{
SendOk = Win32.SendMessageTimeout(Proc.MainWindowHandle, MessageId, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero,
Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_BLOCK | Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG,
2000, out Result);
if (SendOk == IntPtr.Zero)
continue;
if ((uint)Result != MessageId)
continue;
CopyDataMem = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT)));
CopyData.dwData = IntPtr.Zero;
CopyData.cbData = Args[1].Length*2;
CopyData.lpData = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(Args[1]);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(CopyData, CopyDataMem, false);
Win32.SendMessageTimeout(Proc.MainWindowHandle, Win32.WM_COPYDATA, IntPtr.Zero, CopyDataMem,
Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_BLOCK | Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG,
5000, out Result);
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(CopyData.lpData);
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(CopyDataMem);
}
Shutdown(0);
}
}
}
public partial class Main : Window
{
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
HwndSource Source;
Source = HwndSource.FromHwnd(new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle);
Source.AddHook(new HwndSourceHook(Window_Proc));
}
private IntPtr Window_Proc(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, ref bool Handled)
{
Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT CopyData;
string Path;
if (Msg == Win32.WM_COPYDATA)
{
CopyData = (Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT));
Path = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(CopyData.lpData, CopyData.cbData / 2);
if (WindowState == WindowState.Minimized)
{
// Restore window from tray
}
// Do whatever we want with information
Activate();
Focus();
}
if (Msg == App.MessageId)
{
Handled = true;
return new IntPtr(App.MessageId);
}
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
}
public class Win32
{
public const uint WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
public IntPtr lpData;
}
[Flags]
public enum SendMessageTimeoutFlags : uint
{
SMTO_NORMAL = 0x0000,
SMTO_BLOCK = 0x0001,
SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG = 0x0002,
SMTO_NOTIMEOUTIFNOTHUNG = 0x0008
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError=true, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern uint RegisterWindowMessage(string lpString);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr SendMessageTimeout(
IntPtr hWnd, uint Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam,
SendMessageTimeoutFlags fuFlags, uint uTimeout, out IntPtr lpdwResult);
}