在。net下使用c#和WPF(而不是Windows窗体或控制台)，创建一个只能作为单个实例运行的应用程序的正确方法是什么?
我知道它与某种叫做互斥的神秘事物有关，我很少能找到有人费心停下来解释其中一个是什么。
代码还需要通知已经运行的实例，用户试图启动第二个实例，如果存在命令行参数，还可能传递任何命令行参数。
当前回答
这就是我最终处理这个问题的方式。注意，调试代码仍然在那里进行测试。这段代码在App.xaml.cs文件的OnStartup中。(WPF)
// Process already running ?
if (Process.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName).Length > 1)
{
// Show your error message
MessageBox.Show("xxx is already running. \r\n\r\nIf the original process is hung up you may need to restart your computer, or kill the current xxx process using the task manager.", "xxx is already running!", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Exclamation);
// This process
Process currentProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
// Get all processes running on the local computer.
Process[] localAll = Process.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);
// ID of this process...
int temp = currentProcess.Id;
MessageBox.Show("This Process ID: " + temp.ToString());
for (int i = 0; i < localAll.Length; i++)
{
// Find the other process
if (localAll[i].Id != currentProcess.Id)
{
MessageBox.Show("Original Process ID (Switching to): " + localAll[i].Id.ToString());
// Switch to it...
SetForegroundWindow(localAll[i].MainWindowHandle);
}
}
Application.Current.Shutdown();
}
这可能有我还没有发现的问题。如果我遇到了，我会更新我的答案。
其他回答
这是我的两分钱
static class Program
{
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
bool createdNew;
using (new Mutex(true, "MyApp", out createdNew))
{
if (createdNew) {
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
var mainClass = new SynGesturesLogic();
Application.ApplicationExit += mainClass.tray_exit;
Application.Run();
}
else
{
var current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
foreach (var process in Process.GetProcessesByName(current.ProcessName).Where(process => process.Id != current.Id))
{
NativeMethods.SetForegroundWindow(process.MainWindowHandle);
break;
}
}
}
}
}
更新2017-01-25。在尝试了一些东西之后，我决定使用VisualBasic.dll，它更容易，工作效果更好(至少对我来说)。我让我之前的答案只是作为参考…
只是作为参考，这是我如何不传递参数(我找不到任何理由这样做…我指的是带有参数的单个应用程序，这些参数可以从一个实例传递到另一个实例)。 如果需要文件关联，那么应用程序应该(根据用户的标准期望)为每个文档实例化。如果你必须传递args到现有的应用程序，我想我会使用vb dll。
不传递参数(只是单实例应用程序)，我更喜欢不注册一个新的窗口消息，不覆盖Matt Davis解决方案中定义的消息循环。虽然添加一个VisualBasic dll不是一个大问题，但我不喜欢添加一个新的引用只是做单个实例应用程序。此外，我更喜欢用Main实例化一个新类，而不是调用Shutdown from app. startup重写以确保尽快退出。
希望大家都喜欢……或者会启发一点:-)
项目启动类应该设置为“SingleInstanceApp”。
public class SingleInstanceApp
{
[STAThread]
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Mutex _mutexSingleInstance = new Mutex(true, "MonitorMeSingleInstance");
if (_mutexSingleInstance.WaitOne(TimeSpan.Zero, true))
{
try
{
var app = new App();
app.InitializeComponent();
app.Run();
}
finally
{
_mutexSingleInstance.ReleaseMutex();
_mutexSingleInstance.Close();
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("One instance is already running.");
var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetName().Name);
{
if (processes.Length > 1)
{
foreach (var process in processes)
{
if (process.Id != Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id)
{
WindowHelper.SetForegroundWindow(process.MainWindowHandle);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
WindowHelper:
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Interop;
using System.Windows.Threading;
namespace HQ.Util.Unmanaged
{
public class WindowHelper
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
通常，这是我用于单实例Windows窗体应用程序的代码:
[STAThread]
public static void Main()
{
String assemblyName = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name;
using (Mutex mutex = new Mutex(false, assemblyName))
{
if (!mutex.WaitOne(0, false))
{
Boolean shownProcess = false;
Process currentProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
foreach (Process process in Process.GetProcessesByName(currentProcess.ProcessName))
{
if (!process.Id.Equals(currentProcess.Id) && process.MainModule.FileName.Equals(currentProcess.MainModule.FileName) && !process.MainWindowHandle.Equals(IntPtr.Zero))
{
IntPtr windowHandle = process.MainWindowHandle;
if (NativeMethods.IsIconic(windowHandle))
NativeMethods.ShowWindow(windowHandle, ShowWindowCommand.Restore);
NativeMethods.SetForegroundWindow(windowHandle);
shownProcess = true;
}
}
if (!shownProcess)
MessageBox.Show(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "An instance of {0} is already running!", assemblyName), assemblyName, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, (MessageBoxOptions)0);
}
else
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Form());
}
}
}
本地组件的位置:
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern Boolean IsIconic([In] IntPtr windowHandle);
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern Boolean SetForegroundWindow([In] IntPtr windowHandle);
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern Boolean ShowWindow([In] IntPtr windowHandle, [In] ShowWindowCommand command);
public enum ShowWindowCommand : int
{
Hide = 0x0,
ShowNormal = 0x1,
ShowMinimized = 0x2,
ShowMaximized = 0x3,
ShowNormalNotActive = 0x4,
Minimize = 0x6,
ShowMinimizedNotActive = 0x7,
ShowCurrentNotActive = 0x8,
Restore = 0x9,
ShowDefault = 0xA,
ForceMinimize = 0xB
}
这就是我最终处理这个问题的方式。注意，调试代码仍然在那里进行测试。这段代码在App.xaml.cs文件的OnStartup中。(WPF)
// Process already running ?
if (Process.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName).Length > 1)
{
// Show your error message
MessageBox.Show("xxx is already running. \r\n\r\nIf the original process is hung up you may need to restart your computer, or kill the current xxx process using the task manager.", "xxx is already running!", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Exclamation);
// This process
Process currentProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
// Get all processes running on the local computer.
Process[] localAll = Process.GetProcessesByName(Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);
// ID of this process...
int temp = currentProcess.Id;
MessageBox.Show("This Process ID: " + temp.ToString());
for (int i = 0; i < localAll.Length; i++)
{
// Find the other process
if (localAll[i].Id != currentProcess.Id)
{
MessageBox.Show("Original Process ID (Switching to): " + localAll[i].Id.ToString());
// Switch to it...
SetForegroundWindow(localAll[i].MainWindowHandle);
}
}
Application.Current.Shutdown();
}
这可能有我还没有发现的问题。如果我遇到了，我会更新我的答案。
我喜欢一个解决方案，以允许多个实例，如果exe是从其他路径调用。我修改了CharithJ溶液方法一:
static class Program {
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 nCmdShow);
[DllImport("User32.dll")]
public static extern Int32 SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
[STAThread]
static void Main() {
Process currentProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
foreach (var process in Process.GetProcesses()) {
try {
if ((process.Id != currentProcess.Id) &&
(process.ProcessName == currentProcess.ProcessName) &&
(process.MainModule.FileName == currentProcess.MainModule.FileName)) {
ShowWindow(process.MainWindowHandle, 5); // const int SW_SHOW = 5; //Activates the window and displays it in its current size and position.
SetForegroundWindow(process.MainWindowHandle);
return;
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
//ignore Exception "Access denied "
}
}
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}
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