字符串缓冲区：

多线程已同步比StringBuilder慢

字符串拼接

单线程未同步比以往更快的字符串

一个简单的程序说明了StringBuffer和StringBuilder之间的区别：

/**
 * Run this program a couple of times. We see that the StringBuilder does not
 * give us reliable results because its methods are not thread-safe as compared
 * to StringBuffer.
 * 
 * For example, the single append in StringBuffer is thread-safe, i.e.
 * only one thread can call append() at any time and would finish writing
 * back to memory one at a time. In contrast, the append() in the StringBuilder 
 * class can be called concurrently by many threads, so the final size of the 
 * StringBuilder is sometimes less than expected.
 * 
 */
public class StringBufferVSStringBuilder {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        int n = 10; 

        //*************************String Builder Test*******************************//
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        StringBuilderTest[] builderThreads = new StringBuilderTest[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i] = new StringBuilderTest(sb);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i].start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i].join();
        }
        System.out.println("StringBuilderTest: Expected result is 1000; got " + sb.length());

        //*************************String Buffer Test*******************************//

        StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer();
        StringBufferTest[] bufferThreads = new StringBufferTest[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i] = new StringBufferTest(sb2);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i].start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i].join();
        }
        System.out.println("StringBufferTest: Expected result is 1000; got " + sb2.length());

    }

}

// Every run would attempt to append 100 "A"s to the StringBuilder.
class StringBuilderTest extends Thread {

    StringBuilder sb;

    public StringBuilderTest (StringBuilder sb) {
        this.sb = sb;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            sb.append("A");
        }

    }
}


//Every run would attempt to append 100 "A"s to the StringBuffer.
class StringBufferTest extends Thread {

    StringBuffer sb2;

    public StringBufferTest (StringBuffer sb2) {
        this.sb2 = sb2;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            sb2.append("A");
        }

    }
}

StringBuilder是在Java1.5中引入的，因此它不能与早期的JVM一起使用。

从Javadocs：

StringBuilder类提供了与StringBuffer兼容的API，但不能保证同步。该类被设计为在单个线程使用字符串缓冲区的地方（通常情况下）作为StringBuffer的替代品。在可能的情况下，建议优先使用该类而不是StringBuffer，因为在大多数实现中，它会更快。

StringBuffer和StringBuilder源之间的差异：

基本上，StringBuffer方法是同步的，而StringBuilder不是。

这些操作“几乎”相同，但在单个线程中使用同步方法是过度的。

这差不多了。

StringBuilder API报价：

此类[StringBuilder]提供了与StringBuffer兼容的API，但不保证同步。该类被设计为在单个线程使用字符串缓冲区的地方（通常情况下）作为StringBuffer的替代品。在可能的情况下，建议优先使用该类而不是StringBuffer，因为在大多数实现中，它会更快。

所以它是用来替代它的。

Vector和ArrayList也是如此。

String是一个不可变的对象，这意味着值不能更改，而StringBuffer是可变的。

StringBuffer是同步的，因此是线程安全的，而StringBuilder不是，并且只适用于单线程实例。