由于StringBuffer是同步的，因此需要额外的工作，因此基于性能，它比StringBuilder慢一点。

很好的问题

以下是我注意到的差异：

字符串缓冲区：-

StringBuffer is  synchronized
StringBuffer is  thread-safe
StringBuffer is  slow (try to write a sample program and execute it, it will take more time than StringBuilder)

StringBuilder：-

 StringBuilder is not synchronized 
 StringBuilder is not thread-safe
 StringBuilder performance is better than StringBuffer.

常见问题：-

两者都有相同的方法和相同的签名。两者都是可变的。

StringBuffer用于存储将要更改的字符串（字符串对象不能更改）。它会根据需要自动展开。相关类：String、CharSequence。

StringBuilder是在Java5中添加的。它在所有方面都与StringBuffer相同，只是它不同步，这意味着如果多个线程同时访问它，可能会出现问题。对于单线程程序，最常见的情况是，避免同步开销会使StringBuilder稍微快一些。

StringBuffer中的每个方法都是同步的。因此，一次只允许一个线程操作StringBuffer对象。它增加了线程的等待时间并造成性能问题为了解决这个问题，SUN People推出了1.5版本的StringBuilder。

检查StringBuffer的同步追加方法和StringBuilder的非同步追加方法的内部。

字符串缓冲区：

public StringBuffer(String str) {
    super(str.length() + 16);
    append(str);
}

public synchronized StringBuffer append(Object obj) {
    super.append(String.valueOf(obj));
    return this;
}

public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
    super.append(str);
    return this;
}

StringBuilder：

public StringBuilder(String str) {
    super(str.length() + 16);
    append(str);
}

public StringBuilder append(Object obj) {
    return append(String.valueOf(obj));
}

public StringBuilder append(String str) {
    super.append(str);
    return this;
}

由于追加是同步的，因此与多线程场景中的StrinbBuilder相比，StringBuffer具有性能开销。只要不在多个线程之间共享缓冲区，就可以使用StringBuilder，因为缺少同步的追加方法，所以速度很快。

一个简单的程序说明了StringBuffer和StringBuilder之间的区别：

/**
 * Run this program a couple of times. We see that the StringBuilder does not
 * give us reliable results because its methods are not thread-safe as compared
 * to StringBuffer.
 * 
 * For example, the single append in StringBuffer is thread-safe, i.e.
 * only one thread can call append() at any time and would finish writing
 * back to memory one at a time. In contrast, the append() in the StringBuilder 
 * class can be called concurrently by many threads, so the final size of the 
 * StringBuilder is sometimes less than expected.
 * 
 */
public class StringBufferVSStringBuilder {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        int n = 10; 

        //*************************String Builder Test*******************************//
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        StringBuilderTest[] builderThreads = new StringBuilderTest[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i] = new StringBuilderTest(sb);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i].start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i].join();
        }
        System.out.println("StringBuilderTest: Expected result is 1000; got " + sb.length());

        //*************************String Buffer Test*******************************//

        StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer();
        StringBufferTest[] bufferThreads = new StringBufferTest[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i] = new StringBufferTest(sb2);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i].start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i].join();
        }
        System.out.println("StringBufferTest: Expected result is 1000; got " + sb2.length());

    }

}

// Every run would attempt to append 100 "A"s to the StringBuilder.
class StringBuilderTest extends Thread {

    StringBuilder sb;

    public StringBuilderTest (StringBuilder sb) {
        this.sb = sb;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            sb.append("A");
        }

    }
}


//Every run would attempt to append 100 "A"s to the StringBuffer.
class StringBufferTest extends Thread {

    StringBuffer sb2;

    public StringBufferTest (StringBuffer sb2) {
        this.sb2 = sb2;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            sb2.append("A");
        }

    }
}