其他人正确地指出了两者之间的关键区别。然而，在性能方面，我想补充一点，JVM级别的优化“锁定Elision”可以使同步上下文中的性能差异几乎不存在。关于这一点的精彩阅读在这里和这里

字符串是不可变的。

StringBuffer是一个可变的和同步的。

StringBuilder也是可变的，但不同步。

StringBuffer已同步，StringBuilder未同步。

字符串缓冲区

StringBuffer是可变的，这意味着可以更改对象的值。通过StringBuffer创建的对象存储在堆中。StringBuffer具有与StringBuilder相同的方法，但StringBuffer中的每个方法都是同步的，即StringBuffer是线程安全的。

因此，它不允许两个线程同时访问同一个方法。每个方法一次只能由一个线程访问。

但线程安全也有缺点，因为StringBuffer的性能由于线程安全属性而受到影响。因此，当调用每个类的相同方法时，StringBuilder比StringBuffer更快。

StringBuffer值可以更改，这意味着可以将其分配给新值。如今，这是一个最常见的面试问题，即上述课程之间的差异。字符串缓冲区可以通过使用toString（）方法。

StringBuffer demo1 = new StringBuffer(“Hello”) ;
// The above object stored in heap and its value can be changed .

demo1=new StringBuffer(“Bye”);
// Above statement is right as it modifies the value which is allowed in the StringBuffer

字符串拼接

StringBuilder与StringBuffer相同，即它将对象存储在堆中，也可以对其进行修改。StringBuffer和StringBuilder之间的主要区别是StringBuilder也不是线程安全的。StringBuilder速度快，因为它不是线程安全的。

StringBuilder demo2= new StringBuilder(“Hello”);
// The above object too is stored in the heap and its value can be modified

demo2=new StringBuilder(“Bye”);
// Above statement is right as it modifies the value which is allowed in the StringBuilder

资源：字符串Vs StringBuffer Vs StringBuilder

一个简单的程序说明了StringBuffer和StringBuilder之间的区别：

/**
 * Run this program a couple of times. We see that the StringBuilder does not
 * give us reliable results because its methods are not thread-safe as compared
 * to StringBuffer.
 * 
 * For example, the single append in StringBuffer is thread-safe, i.e.
 * only one thread can call append() at any time and would finish writing
 * back to memory one at a time. In contrast, the append() in the StringBuilder 
 * class can be called concurrently by many threads, so the final size of the 
 * StringBuilder is sometimes less than expected.
 * 
 */
public class StringBufferVSStringBuilder {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        int n = 10; 

        //*************************String Builder Test*******************************//
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        StringBuilderTest[] builderThreads = new StringBuilderTest[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i] = new StringBuilderTest(sb);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i].start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            builderThreads[i].join();
        }
        System.out.println("StringBuilderTest: Expected result is 1000; got " + sb.length());

        //*************************String Buffer Test*******************************//

        StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer();
        StringBufferTest[] bufferThreads = new StringBufferTest[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i] = new StringBufferTest(sb2);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i].start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            bufferThreads[i].join();
        }
        System.out.println("StringBufferTest: Expected result is 1000; got " + sb2.length());

    }

}

// Every run would attempt to append 100 "A"s to the StringBuilder.
class StringBuilderTest extends Thread {

    StringBuilder sb;

    public StringBuilderTest (StringBuilder sb) {
        this.sb = sb;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            sb.append("A");
        }

    }
}


//Every run would attempt to append 100 "A"s to the StringBuffer.
class StringBufferTest extends Thread {

    StringBuffer sb2;

    public StringBufferTest (StringBuffer sb2) {
        this.sb2 = sb2;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            sb2.append("A");
        }

    }
}

StringBuilder比StringBuffer更快，因为StringBuffer是同步的，StringBuffer有自己的char[]缓冲区用于缓存，就像BufferedInputStream一样。

StringBuffer速度较慢的另一个原因是，每次添加或删除时，它都会更新变量缓冲区。我测试了它，如果我移除超过一万次，StringBuffer的移除方法会更快。