enum Suit: String {
case spades = "♠"
case hearts = "♥"
case diamonds = "♦"
case clubs = "♣"
}
例如,我怎么做这样的事情:
for suit in Suit {
// do something with suit
print(suit.rawValue)
}
结果示例:
♠
♥
♦
♣
enum Suit: String {
case spades = "♠"
case hearts = "♥"
case diamonds = "♦"
case clubs = "♣"
}
例如,我怎么做这样的事情:
for suit in Suit {
// do something with suit
print(suit.rawValue)
}
结果示例:
♠
♥
♦
♣
当前回答
该解决方案在可读性和可维护性之间取得了适当的平衡。
struct Card {
// ...
static func deck() -> Card[] {
var deck = Card[]()
for rank in Rank.Ace.toRaw()...Rank.King.toRaw() {
for suit in [Suit.Spades, .Hearts, .Clubs, .Diamonds] {
let card = Card(rank: Rank.fromRaw(rank)!, suit: suit)
deck.append(card)
}
}
return deck
}
}
let deck = Card.deck()
其他回答
实验内容是: 实验
在Card中添加一个方法,用于创建一副完整的牌,每一副牌都是rank和花色的组合。
因此,除了添加方法之外,没有修改或增强给定的代码(并且没有使用还没有教过的东西),我想出了这个解决方案:
struct Card {
var rank: Rank
var suit: Suit
func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "The \(rank.simpleDescription()) of \(suit.simpleDescription())"
}
func createDeck() -> [Card] {
var deck: [Card] = []
for rank in Rank.Ace.rawValue...Rank.King.rawValue {
for suit in Suit.Spades.rawValue...Suit.Clubs.rawValue {
let card = Card(rank: Rank(rawValue: rank)!, suit: Suit(rawValue: suit)!)
//println(card.simpleDescription())
deck += [card]
}
}
return deck
}
}
let threeOfSpades = Card(rank: .Three, suit: .Spades)
let threeOfSpadesDescription = threeOfSpades.simpleDescription()
let deck = threeOfSpades.createDeck()
有一种聪明的方法,尽管令人沮丧,但它说明了两种不同类型的枚举之间的区别。
试试这个:
func makeDeck() -> Card[] {
var deck: Card[] = []
var suits: Suit[] = [.Hearts, .Diamonds, .Clubs, .Spades]
for i in 1...13 {
for suit in suits {
deck += Card(rank: Rank.fromRaw(i)!, suit: suit)
}
}
return deck
}
交易是,一个由数字(原始值)支持的枚举是隐式显式有序的,而一个没有数字支持的枚举是显式隐式无序的。
例如,当我们给枚举值数字时,语言足够狡猾,可以找出数字的顺序。 另一方面,如果我们不给它任何顺序,当我们尝试迭代这些值时,语言就会举起双手说:“是的,但你想先执行哪个??”
其他可以做到这一点(迭代无序枚举)的语言可能是相同的语言,其中所有内容实际上都是一个地图或字典,你可以迭代地图的键,无论是否有任何逻辑顺序。
诀窍是给它提供一些显式排序的东西,在这个例子中,suit的实例在数组中按照我们想要的顺序。一旦你这么说,霉霉就会说“你为什么不一开始就这么说呢?”
另一个简写技巧是在fromRaw函数上使用强制操作符。这说明了关于枚举的另一个“陷阱”,即可能传入的值的范围通常大于枚举的范围。例如,如果我们说Rank.fromRaw(60),就不会返回值,所以我们使用了语言的可选特性,在我们开始使用可选特性的地方,很快就会出现强制。(或者交替if let结构,这对我来说仍然有点奇怪)
如果你给枚举一个原始的Int值,它将使循环更容易。
例如,你可以使用anyGenerator来获得一个可以枚举你的值的生成器:
enum Suit: Int, CustomStringConvertible {
case Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
var description: String {
switch self {
case .Spades: return "Spades"
case .Hearts: return "Hearts"
case .Diamonds: return "Diamonds"
case .Clubs: return "Clubs"
}
}
static func enumerate() -> AnyGenerator<Suit> {
var nextIndex = Spades.rawValue
return anyGenerator { Suit(rawValue: nextIndex++) }
}
}
// You can now use it like this:
for suit in Suit.enumerate() {
suit.description
}
// or like this:
let allSuits: [Suit] = Array(Suit.enumerate())
然而,这看起来像一个相当常见的模式,如果我们可以通过简单地遵循协议使任何枚举类型可枚举,这不是很好吗?有了Swift 2.0和协议扩展,现在我们可以了!
简单地添加到你的项目:
protocol EnumerableEnum {
init?(rawValue: Int)
static func firstValue() -> Int
}
extension EnumerableEnum {
static func enumerate() -> AnyGenerator<Self> {
var nextIndex = firstRawValue()
return anyGenerator { Self(rawValue: nextIndex++) }
}
static func firstRawValue() -> Int { return 0 }
}
现在,任何时候你创建一个枚举(只要它有一个Int原始值),你可以通过遵循协议使它可枚举:
enum Rank: Int, EnumerableEnum {
case Ace, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Jack, Queen, King
}
// ...
for rank in Rank.enumerate() { ... }
如果你的枚举值不以0开头(默认值),重写firstRawValue方法:
enum DeckColor: Int, EnumerableEnum {
case Red = 10, Blue, Black
static func firstRawValue() -> Int { return Red.rawValue }
}
// ...
let colors = Array(DeckColor.enumerate())
最后一个Suit类,包括用更标准的CustomStringConvertible协议替换simpleDescription,看起来像这样:
enum Suit: Int, CustomStringConvertible, EnumerableEnum {
case Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
var description: String {
switch self {
case .Spades: return "Spades"
case .Hearts: return "Hearts"
case .Diamonds: return "Diamonds"
case .Clubs: return "Clubs"
}
}
}
// ...
for suit in Suit.enumerate() {
print(suit.description)
}
Swift 3语法:
protocol EnumerableEnum {
init?(rawValue: Int)
static func firstRawValue() -> Int
}
extension EnumerableEnum {
static func enumerate() -> AnyIterator<Self> {
var nextIndex = firstRawValue()
let iterator: AnyIterator<Self> = AnyIterator {
defer { nextIndex = nextIndex + 1 }
return Self(rawValue: nextIndex)
}
return iterator
}
static func firstRawValue() -> Int {
return 0
}
}
enum Rank: Int
{
case Ace = 0
case Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seve, Eight, Nine, Ten
case Jack, Queen, King
case Count
}
enum Suit : Int
{
case Spades = 0
case Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
case Count
}
struct Card
{
var rank:Rank
var suit:Suit
}
class Test
{
func makeDeck() -> Card[]
{
let suitsCount:Int = Suit.Count.toRaw()
let rankCount:Int = Rank.Count.toRaw()
let repeatedCard:Card = Card(rank:Rank.Ace, suit:Suit.Spades)
let deck:Card[] = Card[](count:suitsCount*rankCount, repeatedValue:repeatedCard)
for i:Int in 0..rankCount
{
for j:Int in 0..suitsCount
{
deck[i*suitsCount+j] = Card(rank: Rank.fromRaw(i)!, suit: Suit.fromRaw(j)!)
}
}
return deck
}
}
根据Rick的回答:这要快5倍
我添加了函数count(),并迭代值:
public enum MetricType: Int {
case mvps = 0
case allNBA = 1
case championshipRings = 2
case finalAppearances = 3
case gamesPlayed = 4
case ppg = 5
static func count() -> Int {
return (ppg.rawValue) + 1
}
static var allValues: [MetricType] {
var array: [MetricType] = Array()
var item : MetricType = MetricType.mvps
while item.rawValue < MetricType.count() {
array.append(item)
item = MetricType(rawValue: (item.rawValue + 1))!
}
return array
}
}