enum Suit: String {
case spades = "♠"
case hearts = "♥"
case diamonds = "♦"
case clubs = "♣"
}
例如，我怎么做这样的事情:
for suit in Suit {
// do something with suit
print(suit.rawValue)
}
结果示例:
♠
♥
♦
♣
当前回答
我使用了下面的方法，假设我知道哪个是Rank enum中的最后一个值，所有的Rank在Ace之后都有增量值
我喜欢这种方式，因为它干净，小，容易理解
func cardDeck() -> Card[] {
var cards: Card[] = []
let minRank = Rank.Ace.toRaw()
let maxRank = Rank.King.toRaw()
for rank in minRank...maxRank {
if var convertedRank: Rank = Rank.fromRaw(rank) {
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Clubs))
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Diamonds))
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Hearts))
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Spades))
}
}
return cards
}
其他回答
与@Kametrixom的答案在这里，我相信返回一个数组将比返回AnySequence更好，因为你可以访问所有数组的好东西，如计数等。
以下是改写后的内容:
public protocol EnumCollection : Hashable {}
extension EnumCollection {
public static func allValues() -> [Self] {
typealias S = Self
let retVal = AnySequence { () -> AnyGenerator<S> in
var raw = 0
return AnyGenerator {
let current : Self = withUnsafePointer(&raw) { UnsafePointer($0).memory }
guard current.hashValue == raw else { return nil }
raw += 1
return current
}
}
return [S](retVal)
}
}
编辑: 快速进化提案SE-0194枚举案例派生集合为这个问题提出了一个水平的解决方案。我们在Swift 4.2和更新版本中看到了它。该提案还指出了一些变通方法，这些方法与这里已经提到的一些方法类似，但可能会很有趣。
为了完整起见，我也会保留我原来的职位。
这是基于@Peymmankh的回答的另一种方法，适用于Swift 3。
public protocol EnumCollection: Hashable {}
extension EnumCollection {
public static func allValues() -> [Self] {
typealias S = Self
let retVal = AnySequence { () -> AnyIterator<S> in
var raw = 0
return AnyIterator {
let current = withUnsafePointer(to: &raw) {
$0.withMemoryRebound(to: S.self, capacity: 1) { $0.pointee }
}
guard current.hashValue == raw else { return nil }
raw += 1
return current
}
}
return [S](retVal)
}
如果你给枚举一个原始的Int值，它将使循环更容易。
例如，你可以使用anyGenerator来获得一个可以枚举你的值的生成器:
enum Suit: Int, CustomStringConvertible {
case Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
var description: String {
switch self {
case .Spades: return "Spades"
case .Hearts: return "Hearts"
case .Diamonds: return "Diamonds"
case .Clubs: return "Clubs"
}
}
static func enumerate() -> AnyGenerator<Suit> {
var nextIndex = Spades.rawValue
return anyGenerator { Suit(rawValue: nextIndex++) }
}
}
// You can now use it like this:
for suit in Suit.enumerate() {
suit.description
}
// or like this:
let allSuits: [Suit] = Array(Suit.enumerate())
然而，这看起来像一个相当常见的模式，如果我们可以通过简单地遵循协议使任何枚举类型可枚举，这不是很好吗?有了Swift 2.0和协议扩展，现在我们可以了!
简单地添加到你的项目:
protocol EnumerableEnum {
init?(rawValue: Int)
static func firstValue() -> Int
}
extension EnumerableEnum {
static func enumerate() -> AnyGenerator<Self> {
var nextIndex = firstRawValue()
return anyGenerator { Self(rawValue: nextIndex++) }
}
static func firstRawValue() -> Int { return 0 }
}
现在，任何时候你创建一个枚举(只要它有一个Int原始值)，你可以通过遵循协议使它可枚举:
enum Rank: Int, EnumerableEnum {
case Ace, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Jack, Queen, King
}
// ...
for rank in Rank.enumerate() { ... }
如果你的枚举值不以0开头(默认值)，重写firstRawValue方法:
enum DeckColor: Int, EnumerableEnum {
case Red = 10, Blue, Black
static func firstRawValue() -> Int { return Red.rawValue }
}
// ...
let colors = Array(DeckColor.enumerate())
最后一个Suit类，包括用更标准的CustomStringConvertible协议替换simpleDescription，看起来像这样:
enum Suit: Int, CustomStringConvertible, EnumerableEnum {
case Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
var description: String {
switch self {
case .Spades: return "Spades"
case .Hearts: return "Hearts"
case .Diamonds: return "Diamonds"
case .Clubs: return "Clubs"
}
}
}
// ...
for suit in Suit.enumerate() {
print(suit.description)
}
Swift 3语法:
protocol EnumerableEnum {
init?(rawValue: Int)
static func firstRawValue() -> Int
}
extension EnumerableEnum {
static func enumerate() -> AnyIterator<Self> {
var nextIndex = firstRawValue()
let iterator: AnyIterator<Self> = AnyIterator {
defer { nextIndex = nextIndex + 1 }
return Self(rawValue: nextIndex)
}
return iterator
}
static func firstRawValue() -> Int {
return 0
}
}
我发现了一种有点俗气但更安全的方法，它不需要键入两次值或引用枚举值的内存，因此不太可能损坏。
基本上，与其使用枚举，不如创建一个具有单个实例的结构体，并将所有enum-values设置为常量。然后可以使用Mirror查询变量
public struct Suit{
// the values
let spades = "♠"
let hearts = "♥"
let diamonds = "♦"
let clubs = "♣"
// make a single instance of the Suit struct, Suit.instance
struct SStruct{static var instance: Suit = Suit()}
static var instance : Suit{
get{return SStruct.instance}
set{SStruct.instance = newValue}
}
// an array with all of the raw values
static var allValues: [String]{
var values = [String]()
let mirror = Mirror(reflecting: Suit.instance)
for (_, v) in mirror.children{
guard let suit = v as? String else{continue}
values.append(suit)
}
return values
}
}
如果使用此方法，则需要使用Suit.instance.clubs或Suit.instance.spades来获取单个值
但所有这些都太无聊了……让我们做一些事情，使它更像一个真正的enum!
public struct SuitType{
// store multiple things for each suit
let spades = Suit("♠", order: 4)
let hearts = Suit("♥", order: 3)
let diamonds = Suit("♦", order: 2)
let clubs = Suit("♣", order: 1)
struct SStruct{static var instance: SuitType = SuitType()}
static var instance : SuitType{
get{return SStruct.instance}
set{SStruct.instance = newValue}
}
// a dictionary mapping the raw values to the values
static var allValuesDictionary: [String : Suit]{
var values = [String : Suit]()
let mirror = Mirror(reflecting: SuitType.instance)
for (_, v) in mirror.children{
guard let suit = v as? Suit else{continue}
values[suit.rawValue] = suit
}
return values
}
}
public struct Suit: RawRepresentable, Hashable{
public var rawValue: String
public typealias RawValue = String
public var hashValue: Int{
// find some integer that can be used to uniquely identify
// each value. In this case, we could have used the order
// variable because it is a unique value, yet to make this
// apply to more cases, the hash table address of rawValue
// will be returned, which should work in almost all cases
//
// you could also add a hashValue parameter to init() and
// give each suit a different hash value
return rawValue.hash
}
public var order: Int
public init(_ value: String, order: Int){
self.rawValue = value
self.order = order
}
// an array of all of the Suit values
static var allValues: [Suit]{
var values = [Suit]()
let mirror = Mirror(reflecting: SuitType.instance)
for (_, v) in mirror.children{
guard let suit = v as? Suit else{continue}
values.append(suit)
}
return values
}
// allows for using Suit(rawValue: "♦"), like a normal enum
public init?(rawValue: String){
// get the Suit from allValuesDictionary in SuitType, or return nil if that raw value doesn't exist
guard let suit = SuitType.allValuesDictionary[rawValue] else{return nil}
// initialize a new Suit with the same properties as that with the same raw value
self.init(suit.rawValue, order: suit.order)
}
}
你现在可以做
let allSuits: [Suit] = Suit.allValues
or
for suit in Suit.allValues{
print("The suit \(suit.rawValue) has the order \(suit.order)")
}
然而，要获得一个单一，你仍然需要使用SuitType.instance.spades或SuitType.instance.hearts。为了更加直观，您可以向Suit添加一些允许您使用Suit.type的代码。*而不是SuitType.instance.*
public struct Suit: RawRepresentable, Hashable{
// ...your code...
static var type = SuitType.instance
// ...more of your code...
}
您现在可以使用Suit.type.diamonds而不是SuitType.instance。diamonds，或者Suit.type.clubs而不是SuitType.instance.clubs
对不起，我的回答是具体到我如何在我需要做的事情中使用这篇文章。对于那些无意中遇到这个问题的人，寻找一种方法在枚举中找到一个case，这是一种方法(Swift 2新增):
编辑:小写驼峰现在是Swift 3 enum值的标准
// From apple docs: If the raw-value type is specified as String and you don’t assign values to the cases explicitly, each unassigned case is implicitly assigned a string with the same text as the name of that case.
enum Theme: String
{
case white, blue, green, lavender, grey
}
func loadTheme(theme: String)
{
// this checks the string against the raw value of each enum case (note that the check could result in a nil value, since it's an optional, which is why we introduce the if/let block
if let testTheme = Theme(rawValue: theme)
{
// testTheme is guaranteed to have an enum value at this point
self.someOtherFunction(testTheme)
}
}
对于那些对枚举感到疑惑的人来说，本页上给出的答案包括一个包含所有枚举值的数组的静态var/let是正确的。最新的苹果tvOS示例代码包含了完全相同的技术。
也就是说，他们应该在语言中构建一个更方便的机制(苹果，你在听吗?)
