enum Suit: String {
    case spades = "♠"
    case hearts = "♥"
    case diamonds = "♦"
    case clubs = "♣"
}

例如,我怎么做这样的事情:

for suit in Suit {
    // do something with suit
    print(suit.rawValue)
}

结果示例:

♠
♥
♦
♣

当前回答

我使用了下面的方法,假设我知道哪个是Rank enum中的最后一个值,所有的Rank在Ace之后都有增量值

我喜欢这种方式,因为它干净,小,容易理解

 func cardDeck() -> Card[] {
     var cards: Card[] = []
     let minRank = Rank.Ace.toRaw()
     let maxRank = Rank.King.toRaw()

     for rank in minRank...maxRank {
         if var convertedRank: Rank = Rank.fromRaw(rank) {
             cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Clubs))
             cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Diamonds))
             cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Hearts))
             cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Spades))
         }
    }

    return cards
}

其他回答

有一种聪明的方法,尽管令人沮丧,但它说明了两种不同类型的枚举之间的区别。

试试这个:

    func makeDeck() -> Card[] {
      var deck: Card[] = []
      var suits: Suit[] = [.Hearts, .Diamonds, .Clubs, .Spades]
      for i in 1...13 {
        for suit in suits {
          deck += Card(rank: Rank.fromRaw(i)!, suit: suit)
        }
      }
      return deck
    }

交易是,一个由数字(原始值)支持的枚举是隐式显式有序的,而一个没有数字支持的枚举是显式隐式无序的。

例如,当我们给枚举值数字时,语言足够狡猾,可以找出数字的顺序。 另一方面,如果我们不给它任何顺序,当我们尝试迭代这些值时,语言就会举起双手说:“是的,但你想先执行哪个??”

其他可以做到这一点(迭代无序枚举)的语言可能是相同的语言,其中所有内容实际上都是一个地图或字典,你可以迭代地图的键,无论是否有任何逻辑顺序。

诀窍是给它提供一些显式排序的东西,在这个例子中,suit的实例在数组中按照我们想要的顺序。一旦你这么说,霉霉就会说“你为什么不一开始就这么说呢?”

另一个简写技巧是在fromRaw函数上使用强制操作符。这说明了关于枚举的另一个“陷阱”,即可能传入的值的范围通常大于枚举的范围。例如,如果我们说Rank.fromRaw(60),就不会返回值,所以我们使用了语言的可选特性,在我们开始使用可选特性的地方,很快就会出现强制。(或者交替if let结构,这对我来说仍然有点奇怪)

这个问题现在简单多了。以下是我的Swift 4.2解决方案:

enum Suit: Int, CaseIterable {
  case None
  case Spade, Heart, Diamond, Club

  static let allNonNullCases = Suit.allCases[Spade.rawValue...]
}

enum Rank: Int, CaseIterable {
  case Joker
  case Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight
  case Nine, Ten, Jack, Queen, King, Ace

  static let allNonNullCases = Rank.allCases[Two.rawValue...]
}

func makeDeck(withJoker: Bool = false) -> [Card] {
  var deck = [Card]()
  for suit in Suit.allNonNullCases {
    for rank in Rank.allNonNullCases {
      deck.append(Card(suit: suit, rank: rank))
    }
  }
  if withJoker {
    deck.append(Card(suit: .None, rank: .Joker))
  }
  return deck
}

4。2:

我喜欢这个解决方案,我把找到“列表理解在Swift”。

它使用Int rawws而不是string,但它避免了键入两次,它允许自定义范围,并且不硬编码原始值。

这是我最初解决方案的Swift 4版本,但请参阅上面的4.2改进:

enum Suit: Int {
  case None
  case Spade, Heart, Diamond, Club

  static let allRawValues = Suit.Spade.rawValue...Suit.Club.rawValue
  static let allCases = Array(allRawValues.map{ Suit(rawValue: $0)! })
}
enum Rank: Int {
  case Joker
  case Two, Three, Four, Five, Six
  case Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten
  case Jack, Queen, King, Ace

  static let allRawValues = Rank.Two.rawValue...Rank.Ace.rawValue
  static let allCases = Array(allRawValues.map{ Rank(rawValue: $0)! })
}
func makeDeck(withJoker: Bool = false) -> [Card] {
  var deck = [Card]()
  for suit in Suit.allCases {
    for rank in Rank.allCases {
      deck.append(Card(suit: suit, rank: rank))
    }
  }
  if withJoker {
    deck.append(Card(suit: .None, rank: .Joker))
  }
  return deck
}

更新到Swift 2.2+

func iterateEnum<T: Hashable>(_: T.Type) -> AnyGenerator<T> {
    var i = 0
    return AnyGenerator {
        let next = withUnsafePointer(&i) {
            UnsafePointer<T>($0).memory
        }
        if next.hashValue == i {
            i += 1
            return next
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
}

它更新了Swift 2.2表单@Kametrixom的答案

Swift 3.0+(非常感谢@Philip)

func iterateEnum<T: Hashable>(_: T.Type) -> AnyIterator<T> {
    var i = 0
    return AnyIterator {
        let next = withUnsafePointer(&i) {
            UnsafePointer<T>($0).pointee
        }
        if next.hashValue == i {
            i += 1
            return next
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
}

您可以通过实现ForwardIndexType协议来迭代枚举。

ForwardIndexType协议要求您定义一个继任者()函数来逐级遍历元素。

enum Rank: Int, ForwardIndexType {
    case Ace = 1
    case Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten
    case Jack, Queen, King

    // ... other functions

    // Option 1 - Figure it out by hand
    func successor() -> Rank {
        switch self {
            case .Ace:
              return .Two
            case .Two:
              return .Three

            // ... etc.

            default:
              return .King
        }
    }

    // Option 2 - Define an operator!
    func successor() -> Rank {
        return self + 1
    }
}

// NOTE: The operator is defined OUTSIDE the class
func + (left: Rank, right: Int) -> Rank {
    // I'm using to/from raw here, but again, you can use a case statement
    // or whatever else you can think of

    return left == .King ? .King : Rank(rawValue: left.rawValue + right)!
}

在开或闭范围内迭代(..<或…)将在内部调用继任者()函数,允许你这样写:

// Under the covers, successor(Rank.King) and successor(Rank.Ace) are called to establish limits
for r in Rank.Ace...Rank.King {
    // Do something useful
}

你可以试着像这样列举

enum Planet: String {
    case Mercury
    case Venus
    case Earth
    case Mars

    static var enumerate: [Planet] {
        var a: [Planet] = []
        switch Planet.Mercury {
            case .Mercury: a.append(.Mercury); fallthrough
            case .Venus: a.append(.Venus); fallthrough
            case .Earth: a.append(.Earth); fallthrough
            case .Mars: a.append(.Mars)
        }
    return a
    }
}

Planet.enumerate // [Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars]