假设我有3个输入:rate、sendAmount和receiveAmount。我把这3个输入放到useEffect上。规则如下:
如果sendAmount改变了,我计算receiveAmount = sendAmount * rate
如果receiveAmount改变了,我计算sendAmount = receiveAmount / rate
如果速率发生变化,当sendAmount > 0时,我计算receiveAmount = sendAmount * rate;当receiveAmount > 0时,我计算sendAmount = receiveAmount / rate
下面是代码和框https://codesandbox.io/s/pkl6vn7x6j来演示这个问题。
是否有一种方法来比较oldValues和newValues,如componentDidUpdate,而不是为这种情况下做3处理程序?
谢谢
下面是我使用usePrevious的最终解决方案
https://codesandbox.io/s/30n01w2r06
在本例中,我不能使用多个useEffect,因为每次更改都会导致相同的网络调用。这就是为什么我还使用changeCount来跟踪更改。这个changeCount还有助于仅从本地跟踪更改,因此可以防止由于服务器更改而引起的不必要的网络调用。
离开公认的答案,一个不需要自定义钩子的替代解决方案:
const Component = ({ receiveAmount, sendAmount }) => {
const prevAmount = useRef({ receiveAmount, sendAmount }).current;
useEffect(() => {
if (prevAmount.receiveAmount !== receiveAmount) {
// process here
}
if (prevAmount.sendAmount !== sendAmount) {
// process here
}
return () => {
prevAmount.receiveAmount = receiveAmount;
prevAmount.sendAmount = sendAmount;
};
}, [receiveAmount, sendAmount]);
};
这假设您实际上需要引用前面“process here”位中的任何值。否则,除非你的条件超出了一个直接的!==比较,这里最简单的解决方案是:
const Component = ({ receiveAmount, sendAmount }) => {
useEffect(() => {
// process here
}, [receiveAmount]);
useEffect(() => {
// process here
}, [sendAmount]);
};
下面是Aadit M Shah的答案的Typescript版本。
我把它从useTransition重命名为usePrevious,因为useTransition已经存在于React中。
import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
const usePrevious = <T extends any[],>(callback: (prev: T) => void, deps: T): void => {
const callbackRef = useRef<null | ((prev: T) => void)>(null);
useEffect(() => {
callbackRef.current = callback;
}, [callback]);
const depsRef = useRef<null | T>(null);
const [initial, setInitial] = useState(true);
useEffect(() => {
if (!initial && depsRef.current !== null && callbackRef.current !== null) {
callbackRef.current(depsRef.current);
}
depsRef.current = deps;
setInitial(false);
}, deps);
}
export default usePrevious;
用法:
usePrevious<[boolean]>(([prevIsOpen]) => {
console.log('prev', prevIsOpen);
console.log('now', isOpen);
}, [isOpen])
由于状态与功能组件中的组件实例不是紧密耦合的,因此如果不先保存之前的状态,例如使用useRef,则无法在useEffect中到达之前的状态。这也意味着状态更新可能在错误的位置被错误地实现,因为之前的状态在setState更新函数中可用。
这是useReducer的一个很好的用例,它提供了类似redux的存储,并允许实现各自的模式。状态更新是显式执行的,因此不需要确定更新的是哪个状态属性;这在已调度的行动中已经很清楚了。
下面是一个例子:
function reducer({ sendAmount, receiveAmount, rate }, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case "sendAmount":
sendAmount = action.payload;
return {
sendAmount,
receiveAmount: sendAmount * rate,
rate
};
case "receiveAmount":
receiveAmount = action.payload;
return {
sendAmount: receiveAmount / rate,
receiveAmount,
rate
};
case "rate":
rate = action.payload;
return {
sendAmount: receiveAmount ? receiveAmount / rate : sendAmount,
receiveAmount: sendAmount ? sendAmount * rate : receiveAmount,
rate
};
default:
throw new Error();
}
}
function handleChange(e) {
const { name, value } = e.target;
dispatch({
type: name,
payload: value
});
}
...
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, {
rate: 2,
sendAmount: 0,
receiveAmount: 0
});
...