在c# / VB.NET/。哪个循环运行得更快,for还是foreach?

自从很久以前我读到for循环比foreach循环工作得快,我就认为它适用于所有集合、泛型集合、所有数组等。

我搜索了谷歌,找到了几篇文章,但大多数都是不确定的(阅读文章评论),而且是开放式的。

理想的情况是列出每种情况以及最佳解决方案。

例如(这只是一个例子):

用于迭代1000+的数组 字符串- for比foreach好 对于迭代IList(非泛型)字符串- foreach更好 比

在网上找到了一些相同的参考资料:

由Emmanuel Schanzer撰写的原创文章 CodeProject FOREACH Vs. FOR 博客——去博客还是不去博客,这是个问题 ASP。NET论坛- NET 1.1 c# for vs foreach

(编辑)

除了可读性之外,我对事实和数据真的很感兴趣。在某些应用中,最后一英里的性能优化确实很重要。


当前回答

Jeffrey Richter在techhed 2005上说:

"I have come to learn over the years the C# compiler is basically a liar to me." .. "It lies about many things." .. "Like when you do a foreach loop..." .. "...that is one little line of code that you write, but what the C# compiler spits out in order to do that it's phenomenal. It puts out a try/finally block in there, inside the finally block it casts your variable to an IDisposable interface, and if the cast suceeds it calls the Dispose method on it, inside the loop it calls the Current property and the MoveNext method repeatedly inside the loop, objects are being created underneath the covers. A lot of people use foreach because it's very easy coding, very easy to do.." .. "foreach is not very good in terms of performance, if you iterated over a collection instead by using square bracket notation, just doing index, that's just much faster, and it doesn't create any objects on the heap..."

按需网络直播: http://msevents.microsoft.com/CUI/WebCastEventDetails.aspx?EventID=1032292286&EventCategory=3&culture=en-US&CountryCode=US

其他回答

我的猜测是,在99%的情况下,它可能并不重要,所以为什么要选择更快的,而不是最合适的(最容易理解/维护)?

它将永远接近。对于数组,有时For稍微快一点,但foreach更有表现力,并提供LINQ等。总的来说,坚持使用foreach。

此外,foreach可能在某些情况下进行了优化。例如,一个链表对于indexer来说可能很糟糕,但是对于foreach来说可能很快。实际上,由于这个原因,标准LinkedList<T>甚至没有提供索引器。

在大多数情况下,其实没有什么区别。

通常,当你没有显式的数值索引时,你总是必须使用foreach,而当你实际上没有可迭代集合时,你总是必须使用for(例如,在上三角形的二维数组网格上迭代)。在某些情况下,你可以做出选择。

有人可能会说,如果代码中开始出现神奇的数字,for循环可能会更难维护。你对不能使用for循环而不得不构建一个集合或使用lambda来构建子集合感到恼火应该是正确的,因为for循环已经被禁止了。

我发现foreach循环迭代列表更快。下面是我的测试结果。在下面的代码中,我分别迭代一个大小为100、10000和100000的数组,使用for和foreach循环来测量时间。

private static void MeasureTime()
    {
        var array = new int[10000];
        var list = array.ToList();
        Console.WriteLine("Array size: {0}", array.Length);

        Console.WriteLine("Array For loop ......");
        var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1);
        }
        stopWatch.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Time take to run the for loop is {0} millisecond", stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);

        Console.WriteLine(" ");
        Console.WriteLine("Array Foreach loop ......");
        var stopWatch1 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        foreach (var item in array)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1);
        }
        stopWatch1.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Time take to run the foreach loop is {0} millisecond", stopWatch1.ElapsedMilliseconds);

        Console.WriteLine(" ");
        Console.WriteLine("List For loop ......");
        var stopWatch2 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1);
        }
        stopWatch2.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Time take to run the for loop is {0} millisecond", stopWatch2.ElapsedMilliseconds);

        Console.WriteLine(" ");
        Console.WriteLine("List Foreach loop ......");
        var stopWatch3 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        foreach (var item in list)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1);
        }
        stopWatch3.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Time take to run the foreach loop is {0} millisecond", stopWatch3.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

更新

在@jgauffin建议后,我使用了@johnskeet代码,发现使用数组的for循环比下面的更快,

Foreach循环与数组。 For带列表的循环。 Foreach循环与列表。

请看下面我的测试结果和代码,

private static void MeasureNewTime()
    {
        var data = new double[Size];
        var rng = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
        {
            data[i] = rng.NextDouble();
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Lenght of array: {0}", data.Length);
        Console.WriteLine("No. of iteration: {0}", Iterations);
        Console.WriteLine(" ");
        double correctSum = data.Sum();

        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
        {
            double sum = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < data.Length; j++)
            {
                sum += data[j];
            }
            if (Math.Abs(sum - correctSum) > 0.1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Summation failed");
                return;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("For loop with Array: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

        sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        for (var i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
        {
            double sum = 0;
            foreach (double d in data)
            {
                sum += d;
            }
            if (Math.Abs(sum - correctSum) > 0.1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Summation failed");
                return;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Foreach loop with Array: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
        Console.WriteLine(" ");

        var dataList = data.ToList();
        sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
        {
            double sum = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < dataList.Count; j++)
            {
                sum += data[j];
            }
            if (Math.Abs(sum - correctSum) > 0.1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Summation failed");
                return;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("For loop with List: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

        sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
        {
            double sum = 0;
            foreach (double d in dataList)
            {
                sum += d;
            }
            if (Math.Abs(sum - correctSum) > 0.1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Summation failed");
                return;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Foreach loop with List: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

当你遍历常见的结构如数组、列表等时,for-和foreach-循环的速度差异很小,并且在集合上执行LINQ查询几乎总是稍微慢一些,尽管它写得更好!正如其他海报上说的那样,追求表现力而不是多出一毫秒的性能。

到目前为止还没有说的是,当编译foreach循环时,编译器会根据它迭代的集合对它进行优化。这意味着当你不确定使用哪个循环时,你应该使用foreach循环——它会在编译时为你生成最好的循环。它的可读性也更强。

foreach循环的另一个关键优势是,如果你的集合实现发生了变化(例如,从int数组到List<int>),那么你的foreach循环将不需要任何代码更改:

foreach (int i in myCollection)

不管你的集合是什么类型,上面的都是一样的,而在你的for循环中,如果你把myCollection从数组改变为List,下面的将不会构建:

for (int i = 0; i < myCollection.Length, i++)