是否有充分的理由说明在函数中只有一个return语句是一个更好的实践?

或者在逻辑上正确的情况下,可以从函数中返回,这意味着函数中可能有许多返回语句?


当前回答

作为嵌套if的替代方法,有一种使用do/while(false)在任何地方爆发的方法:

    function()
    {
        HRESULT error = S_OK;

        do
        {
            if(!SUCCEEDED(Operation1()))
            {
                error = OPERATION1FAILED;
                break;
            }

            if(!SUCCEEDED(Operation2()))
            {
                error = OPERATION2FAILED;
                break;
            }

            if(!SUCCEEDED(Operation3()))
            {
                error = OPERATION3FAILED;
                break;
            }
            if(!SUCCEEDED(Operation4()))
            {
                error = OPERATION4FAILED;
                break;
            }
        } while (false);

        return error;
    }

这为您提供了一个出口点,允许您进行其他嵌套操作,但仍然不是真正的深层结构。如果你不喜欢成功,你可以做任何失败的事情。这类事情还允许您在任意两个其他检查之间添加其他代码,而无需重新缩进任何内容。

如果你真的疯了,整个If块也可以宏化。: D

    #define BREAKIFFAILED(x,y) if (!SUCCEEDED((x))) { error = (Y); break; }

    do
    {
        BREAKIFFAILED(Operation1(), OPERATION1FAILED)
        BREAKIFFAILED(Operation2(), OPERATION2FAILED)
        BREAKIFFAILED(Operation3(), OPERATION3FAILED)
        BREAKIFFAILED(Operation4(), OPERATION4FAILED)
    } while (false);

其他回答

I lean towards using guard clauses to return early and otherwise exit at the end of a method. The single entry and exit rule has historical significance and was particularly helpful when dealing with legacy code that ran to 10 A4 pages for a single C++ method with multiple returns (and many defects). More recently, accepted good practice is to keep methods small which makes multiple exits less of an impedance to understanding. In the following Kronoz example copied from above, the question is what occurs in //Rest of code...?:

void string fooBar(string s, int? i) {

  if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(s) || i == null) return null;

  var res = someFunction(s, i);

  foreach(var r in res) {
      if(!r.Passed) return null;
  }

  // Rest of code...

  return ret;
}

我意识到这个例子有点做作,但我很想把foreach循环重构成一个LINQ语句,然后将其视为一个保护子句。同样,在一个人为的例子中,代码的意图并不明显,someFunction()可能会有一些其他副作用,或者结果可能会在代码的// Rest中使用....

if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s) || i == null) return null;
if (someFunction(s, i).Any(r => !r.Passed)) return null;

给出以下重构函数:

void string fooBar(string s, int? i) {

  if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s) || i == null) return null;
  if (someFunction(s, i).Any(r => !r.Passed)) return null;

  // Rest of code...

  return ret;
}

使用单一出口点可以降低圈复杂度,因此,从理论上讲,可以降低在修改代码时引入错误的可能性。然而,实践往往表明需要更务实的方法。因此,我倾向于只有一个出口点,但如果可读性更好,允许我的代码有多个出口点。

我强迫自己只使用一个return语句,因为在某种意义上它会产生代码气味。让我解释一下:

function isCorrect($param1, $param2, $param3) {
    $toret = false;
    if ($param1 != $param2) {
        if ($param1 == ($param3 * 2)) {
            if ($param2 == ($param3 / 3)) {
                $toret = true;
            } else {
                $error = 'Error 3';
            }
        } else {
            $error = 'Error 2';
        }
    } else {
        $error = 'Error 1';
    }
    return $toret;
}

(条件是任意的…)

条件越多,函数越大,读取起来就越困难。因此,如果您熟悉代码气味,您就会意识到它,并想要重构代码。两种可能的解决方案是:

多的回报 重构为单独的函数

多的回报

function isCorrect($param1, $param2, $param3) {
    if ($param1 == $param2)       { $error = 'Error 1'; return false; }
    if ($param1 != ($param3 * 2)) { $error = 'Error 2'; return false; }
    if ($param2 != ($param3 / 3)) { $error = 'Error 3'; return false; }
    return true;
}

单独的功能

function isEqual($param1, $param2) {
    return $param1 == $param2;
}

function isDouble($param1, $param2) {
    return $param1 == ($param2 * 2);
}

function isThird($param1, $param2) {
    return $param1 == ($param2 / 3);
}

function isCorrect($param1, $param2, $param3) {
    return !isEqual($param1, $param2)
        && isDouble($param1, $param3)
        && isThird($param2, $param3);
}

当然,它会更长,而且有点乱,但在以这种方式重构函数的过程中,我们已经

创建了许多可重用的函数, 使函数更具人类可读性,以及 函数的重点在于为什么值是正确的。

I've seen it in coding standards for C++ that were a hang-over from C, as if you don't have RAII or other automatic memory management then you have to clean up for each return, which either means cut-and-paste of the clean-up or a goto (logically the same as 'finally' in managed languages), both of which are considered bad form. If your practices are to use smart pointers and collections in C++ or another automatic memory system, then there isn't a strong reason for it, and it become all about readability, and more of a judgement call.

有人可能会说……如果在执行函数的任务之前必须满足多个条件,那么在满足这些条件之前不要调用函数:

而不是:

function doStuff(foo) {
    if (foo != null) return;
}

Or

function doStuff(foo) {
    if (foo !== null) {
        ...
    }
}

在foo != null之前不要调用doStuff

if(foo != null) doStuff(foo);

这要求每个调用站点确保在调用之前满足调用的条件。如果有多个调用站点,则该逻辑最好放在单独的函数中、待调用函数的方法中(假设它们是一级公民)或代理中。

关于函数是否在数学上是可证明的这个话题,要考虑逻辑而不是语法。如果一个函数有多个返回点,这并不意味着(默认情况下)它在数学上不可证明。