开关情况几乎总是有一个默认情况。

使用默认值的原因

1.“捕捉”一个意外值

switch(type)
{
    case 1:
        //something
    case 2:
        //something else
    default:
        // unknown type! based on the language,
        // there should probably be some error-handling
        // here, maybe an exception
}

2. 处理“默认”操作，其中的case是针对特殊行为的。

您在菜单驱动程序和bash shell脚本中经常看到这种情况。当变量声明在switch-case之外但没有初始化时，您也可能会看到这种情况，并且每个case初始化它为不同的东西。这里的默认值也需要初始化它，以便访问变量的代码不会引发错误。

3.向阅读您的代码的人展示您已经覆盖了这种情况。

variable = (variable == "value") ? 1 : 2;
switch(variable)
{
    case 1:
        // something
    case 2:
        // something else
    default:
        // will NOT execute because of the line preceding the switch.
}

这是一个过于简化的例子，但关键是阅读代码的人不应该怀疑为什么变量不能是1或2以外的东西。

我能想到的唯一不使用默认值的情况是，当开关正在检查一些非常明显的东西时，其他选项都可以愉快地忽略

switch(keystroke)
{
    case 'w':
        // move up
    case 'a':
        // move left
    case 's':
        // move down
    case 'd':
        // move right
    // no default really required here
}

至少在Java中它不是强制性的。根据JLS，它说最多可以出现一个违约情况。这意味着任何违约情况都是不可接受的。它有时也取决于你使用switch语句的上下文。例如，在Java中，下面的开关块不需要默认大小写

private static void switch1(String name) {
    switch (name) {
    case "Monday":
        System.out.println("Monday");
        break;
    case "Tuesday":
        System.out.println("Tuesday");
        break;
    }
}

但在下面的方法中，它期望返回一个String，默认大小写可以方便地避免编译错误

    private static String switch2(String name) {
    switch (name) {
    case "Monday":
        System.out.println("Monday");
        return name;

    case "Tuesday":
        System.out.println("Tuesday");
        return name;

    default:
        return name;
    }
}

虽然你可以在没有默认大小写的情况下避免上述方法的编译错误，只需要在最后添加一个return语句，但是提供默认大小写会使它更具可读性。

我会说这取决于语言，但在C中，如果你要打开一个枚举类型并处理每个可能的值，最好不要包含默认大小写。这样，如果您稍后添加了一个额外的enum标记，并且忘记将其添加到交换机中，称职的编译器将会就缺少的大小写向您发出警告。

这取决于switch在特定语言中的工作方式，但是在大多数语言中，当没有匹配到case时，switch语句的执行就会毫无警告地结束。想象一下，你期望得到一组值，并在switch中处理它们，然而你在输入中得到了另一个值。什么都没发生，你也不知道什么都没发生。如果您发现了违约情况，您就会知道有问题。

在某些情况下，没有默认情况实际上是有益的。

If your switch cases are enums values, by not having a default case, you can get a compiler warning if you are missing any cases. That way, if new enum values are added in the future and you forget to add cases for these values in the switch, you can find out about the problem at compile time. You should still make sure the code takes appropriate action for unhandled values, in case an invalid value was cast to the enum type. So this may work best for simple cases where you can return within the enum case rather than break.

enum SomeEnum
{
    ENUM_1,
    ENUM_2,
    // More ENUM values may be added in future
};

int foo(SomeEnum value)
{
    switch (value)
    {
    case ENUM_1:
        return 1;
    case ENUM_2:
        return 2;
    }
    // handle invalid values here
    return 0;
 }

我不同意上面Vanwaril投票最多的回答。

任何代码都会增加复杂性。此外，还必须为此进行测试和文档编制。所以用更少的代码编程总是好的。我的观点是，我对非穷举switch语句使用default子句，而对穷举switch语句不使用default子句。为了确保我做对了，我使用了静态代码分析工具。让我们来详细了解一下:

Nonexhaustive switch statements: Those should always have a default value. As the name suggests those are statements which do not cover all possible values. This also might not be possible, e.g. a switch statement on an integer value or on a String. Here I would like to use the example of Vanwaril (It should be mentioned that I think he used this example to make a wrong suggestion. I use it here to state the opposite --> Use a default statement): switch(keystroke) { case 'w': // move up case 'a': // move left case 's': // move down case 'd': // move right default: // cover all other values of the non-exhaustive switch statement } The player could press any other key. Then we could not do anything (this can be shown in the code just by adding a comment to the default case) or it should for example print something on the screen. This case is relevant as it may happen. Exhaustive switch statements: Those switch statements cover all possible values, e.g. a switch statement on an enumeration of grade system types. When developing code the first time it is easy to cover all values. However, as we are humans there is a small chance to forget some. Additionally if you add an enum value later such that all switch statements have to be adapted to make them exhaustive again opens the path to error hell. The simple solution is a static code analysis tool. The tool should check all switch statements and check if they are exhaustive or if they have a default value. Here an example for an exhaustive switch statement. First we need an enum: public enum GradeSystemType {System1To6, SystemAToD, System0To100} Then we need a variable of this enum like GradeSystemType type = .... An exhaustive switch statement would then look like this: switch(type) { case GradeSystemType.System1To6: // do something case GradeSystemType.SystemAToD: // do something case GradeSystemType.System0To100: // do something } So if we extend the GradeSystemType by for example System1To3 the static code analysis tool should detect that there is no default clause and the switch statement is not exhaustive so we are save.

还有一件事。如果我们总是使用默认子句，那么静态代码分析工具可能无法检测穷尽性或非穷尽性switch语句，因为它总是检测到默认子句。这是非常糟糕的，因为如果我们将枚举扩展为另一个值，并且忘记将其添加到一个switch语句中，我们将不会得到通知。