考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺,只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。

var readFile = function(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
};

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    var readSequential = function(index) {
      if (index >= files.length) {
        resolve();
      } else {
        readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
          readSequential(index + 1);
        }).catch(reject);
      }
    };

    readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
  });
};

上面的代码可以工作,但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码,这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?

最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生,这不是我想要的:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
    return readFile(file);
  }));
};

当前回答

使用ES2016的async/await(可能还有ES2018的一些特性),这可以简化为这样的形式:

function readFile(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
}

async function readFiles(files) {
  for (file in files) {
     await readFile(file)
  }
}

I haven't seen another answer express that simplicity. The OP said parallel execution of readFile was not desired. However, with IO like this it really makes sense to not be blocking on a single file read, while keeping the loop execution synchronous (you don't want to do the next step until all files have been read). Since I just learned about this and am a bit excited about it, I'll share that approach of parallel asynchronous execution of readFile with overall synchronous execution of readFiles.

async function readFiles(files) {
  await Promise.all(files.map(readFile))
}

这难道不是一件美好的事情吗?

其他回答

只需使用.then(resPrevTask => nextTask())

(顺便说一下,下一个代码需要4秒。)

函数task1() { return new Promise((resolve) => { setTimeout(() => { 解决(console.log(任务1)) }, 3000) }) } 函数task2() { return new Promise((resolve) => { setTimeout(() => { 解决(console.log(任务2)) }, 1000) }) } 函数seqTasks () { task1 () .then(() => task2()) } seqTasks ();

下面是我比较喜欢的连续运行任务的方式。

function runSerial() {
    var that = this;
    // task1 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    // task2 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    return Promise.resolve()
        .then(function() {
            return that.task1();
        })
        .then(function() {
            return that.task2();
        })
        .then(function() {
            console.log(" ---- done ----");
        });
}

有更多任务的情况会怎样呢?10 ?

function runSerial(tasks) {
  var result = Promise.resolve();
  tasks.forEach(task => {
    result = result.then(() => task());
  });
  return result;
}

使用Array.prototype。Reduce,并记住将承诺包装在函数中,否则它们将已经在运行!

// array of Promise providers

const providers = [
  function(){
     return Promise.resolve(1);
  },
  function(){
     return Promise.resolve(2);
  },
  function(){
     return Promise.resolve(3);
  }
]


const inSeries = function(providers){

  const seed = Promise.resolve(null); 

  return providers.reduce(function(a,b){
      return a.then(b);
  }, seed);
};

很好很简单…… 您应该能够为性能等重新使用相同的种子。

在使用reduce时,防止空数组或只有一个元素的数组是很重要的,所以这个技术是你最好的选择:

   const providers = [
      function(v){
         return Promise.resolve(v+1);
      },
      function(v){
         return Promise.resolve(v+2);
      },
      function(v){
         return Promise.resolve(v+3);
      }
    ]

    const inSeries = function(providers, initialVal){

        if(providers.length < 1){
            return Promise.resolve(null)
        }

        return providers.reduce((a,b) => a.then(b), providers.shift()(initialVal));
    };

然后像这样叫它:

inSeries(providers, 1).then(v => {
   console.log(v);  // 7
});

使用现代ES:

const series = async (tasks) => {
  const results = [];

  for (const task of tasks) {
    const result = await task;

    results.push(result);
  }

  return results;
};

//...

const readFiles = await series(files.map(readFile));

你可以使用这个函数来获取promiseFactories List:

function executeSequentially(promiseFactories) {
    var result = Promise.resolve();
    promiseFactories.forEach(function (promiseFactory) {
        result = result.then(promiseFactory);
    });
    return result;
}

Promise Factory是一个简单的函数,返回一个Promise:

function myPromiseFactory() {
    return somethingThatCreatesAPromise();
}

它之所以有效,是因为承诺工厂直到被要求才创建承诺。它的工作方式与then函数相同——事实上,它是一样的!

你根本不想在一组承诺上操作。根据Promise规范,一旦创建了Promise,它就开始执行。所以你真正想要的是一系列的承诺工厂…

如果你想了解更多的承诺,你应该检查这个链接: https://pouchdb.com/2015/05/18/we-have-a-problem-with-promises.html