考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺,只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。

var readFile = function(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
};

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    var readSequential = function(index) {
      if (index >= files.length) {
        resolve();
      } else {
        readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
          readSequential(index + 1);
        }).catch(reject);
      }
    };

    readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
  });
};

上面的代码可以工作,但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码,这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?

最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生,这不是我想要的:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
    return readFile(file);
  }));
};

当前回答

正如Bergi所注意到的,我认为最好的和明确的解决方案是使用蓝鸟。每个,代码如下:

const BlueBird = require('bluebird');
BlueBird.each(files, fs.readFileAsync);

其他回答

下面是我比较喜欢的连续运行任务的方式。

function runSerial() {
    var that = this;
    // task1 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    // task2 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    return Promise.resolve()
        .then(function() {
            return that.task1();
        })
        .then(function() {
            return that.task2();
        })
        .then(function() {
            console.log(" ---- done ----");
        });
}

有更多任务的情况会怎样呢?10 ?

function runSerial(tasks) {
  var result = Promise.resolve();
  tasks.forEach(task => {
    result = result.then(() => task());
  });
  return result;
}

有一个npm包Promise Serial可以很好地做到这一点:

const Promise_serial = require('promise-serial');

 const promises =
    Array(15).fill()
    .map((_, i) =>
        () => new Promise(resolve => {
            console.log('promise '+i+' start');
            setTimeout(
                () => {
                    console.log('promise '+i+' end');
                    resolve('output-'+i);
                },
                500
            );
        })
    );


console.log('### Run promises in sequence')

Promise_serial(promises)

输出:

promise 0 start
promise 0 end
promise 1 start
promise 1 end
promise 2 start
promise 2 end
promise 3 start
promise 3 end
promise 4 start
promise 4 end
promise 5 start
promise 5 end
promise 6 start
promise 6 end
promise 7 start
promise 7 end

... etc

您还可以批处理或并行化它们。

参见:https://www.npmjs.com/package/promise-serial

使用Async/Await(如果你有ES7的支持)

function downloadFile(fileUrl) { ... } // This function return a Promise

async function main()
{
  var filesList = [...];

  for (const file of filesList) {
    await downloadFile(file);
  }
}

(你必须使用for循环,而不是forEach,因为async/await在forEach循环中运行有问题)

没有Async/Await(使用Promise)

function downloadFile(fileUrl) { ... } // This function return a Promise

function downloadRecursion(filesList, index)
{
  index = index || 0;
  if (index < filesList.length)
  {
    downloadFile(filesList[index]).then(function()
    {
      index++;
      downloadRecursion(filesList, index); // self invocation - recursion!
    });
  }
  else
  {
    return Promise.resolve();
  }
}

function main()
{
  var filesList = [...];
  downloadRecursion(filesList);
}

这是上面另一个答案的轻微变化。使用原生承诺:

function inSequence(tasks) {
    return tasks.reduce((p, task) => p.then(task), Promise.resolve())
}

解释

如果你有这些任务[t1, t2, t3],那么上面的等价于Promise.resolve().then(t1).then(t2).then(t3)。这是约简的行为。

如何使用

首先你需要构造一个任务列表!任务是不接受实参的函数。如果需要将参数传递给函数,则使用bind或其他方法创建任务。例如:

var tasks = files.map(file => processFile.bind(null, file))
inSequence(tasks).then(...)

我真的很喜欢@joelnet的回答,但对我来说,这种编码风格有点难以消化,所以我花了几天时间试图弄清楚如何以更可读的方式表达相同的解决方案,这就是我的想法,只是使用了不同的语法和一些注释。

// first take your work
const urls = ['/url1', '/url2', '/url3', '/url4']

// next convert each item to a function that returns a promise
const functions = urls.map((url) => {
  // For every url we return a new function
  return () => {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      // random wait in milliseconds
      const randomWait = parseInt((Math.random() * 1000),10)
      console.log('waiting to resolve in ms', randomWait)
      setTimeout(()=>resolve({randomWait, url}),randomWait)
    })
  }
})


const promiseReduce = (acc, next) => {
  // we wait for the accumulator to resolve it's promise
  return acc.then((accResult) => {
    // and then we return a new promise that will become
    // the new value for the accumulator
    return next().then((nextResult) => {
      // that eventually will resolve to a new array containing
      // the value of the two promises
      return accResult.concat(nextResult)
    })
  })
};
// the accumulator will always be a promise that resolves to an array
const accumulator = Promise.resolve([])

// we call reduce with the reduce function and the accumulator initial value
functions.reduce(promiseReduce, accumulator)
  .then((result) => {
    // let's display the final value here
    console.log('=== The final result ===')
    console.log(result)
  })