另外的例子

const addTwo = async () => 2; const addThree = async (inValue) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve(inValue + 3), 2000)); const addFour = (inValue) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res(inValue + 4), 1000)); const addFive = async (inValue) => inValue + 5; // Function which handles promises from above async function sequenceAddition() { let sum = await [addTwo, addThree, addFour, addFive].reduce( (promise, currPromise) => promise.then((val) => currPromise(val)), Promise.resolve() ); console.log('sum:', sum); // 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 14 } // Run function. See console for result. sequenceAddition();

使用reduce()的通用语法

function sequence(tasks, fn) {
    return tasks.reduce((promise, task) => promise.then(() => fn(task)), Promise.resolve());
}

更新

items-promise是一个准备使用NPM包做同样的事情。

使用ES2016的async/await(可能还有ES2018的一些特性)，这可以简化为这样的形式:

function readFile(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
}

async function readFiles(files) {
  for (file in files) {
     await readFile(file)
  }
}

I haven't seen another answer express that simplicity. The OP said parallel execution of readFile was not desired. However, with IO like this it really makes sense to not be blocking on a single file read, while keeping the loop execution synchronous (you don't want to do the next step until all files have been read). Since I just learned about this and am a bit excited about it, I'll share that approach of parallel asynchronous execution of readFile with overall synchronous execution of readFiles.

async function readFiles(files) {
  await Promise.all(files.map(readFile))
}

这难道不是一件美好的事情吗?

2017年更新:如果环境支持，我会使用异步函数:

async function readFiles(files) {
  for(const file of files) {
    await readFile(file);
  }
};

如果你愿意，你可以延迟读取文件，直到你需要使用异步生成器(如果你的环境支持它):

async function* readFiles(files) {
  for(const file of files) {
    yield await readFile(file);
  }
};

更新:在第二个想法-我可能会用一个for循环代替:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  var p = Promise.resolve(); // Q() in q

  files.forEach(file =>
      p = p.then(() => readFile(file)); 
  );
  return p;
};

或者更确切地说，用reduce:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return files.reduce((p, file) => {
     return p.then(() => readFile(file));
  }, Promise.resolve()); // initial
};

在其他承诺库(如when和Bluebird)中，您有用于此的实用程序方法。

例如，蓝鸟将是:

var Promise = require("bluebird");
var fs = Promise.promisifyAll(require("fs"));

var readAll = Promise.resolve(files).map(fs.readFileAsync,{concurrency: 1 });
// if the order matters, you can use Promise.each instead and omit concurrency param

readAll.then(function(allFileContents){
    // do stuff to read files.
});

尽管现在没有理由不使用async await。

有一个npm包Promise Serial可以很好地做到这一点:

const Promise_serial = require('promise-serial');

 const promises =
    Array(15).fill()
    .map((_, i) =>
        () => new Promise(resolve => {
            console.log('promise '+i+' start');
            setTimeout(
                () => {
                    console.log('promise '+i+' end');
                    resolve('output-'+i);
                },
                500
            );
        })
    );


console.log('### Run promises in sequence')

Promise_serial(promises)

输出:

promise 0 start
promise 0 end
promise 1 start
promise 1 end
promise 2 start
promise 2 end
promise 3 start
promise 3 end
promise 4 start
promise 4 end
promise 5 start
promise 5 end
promise 6 start
promise 6 end
promise 7 start
promise 7 end

... etc

您还可以批处理或并行化它们。

参见:https://www.npmjs.com/package/promise-serial

我真的很喜欢@joelnet的回答，但对我来说，这种编码风格有点难以消化，所以我花了几天时间试图弄清楚如何以更可读的方式表达相同的解决方案，这就是我的想法，只是使用了不同的语法和一些注释。

// first take your work
const urls = ['/url1', '/url2', '/url3', '/url4']

// next convert each item to a function that returns a promise
const functions = urls.map((url) => {
  // For every url we return a new function
  return () => {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      // random wait in milliseconds
      const randomWait = parseInt((Math.random() * 1000),10)
      console.log('waiting to resolve in ms', randomWait)
      setTimeout(()=>resolve({randomWait, url}),randomWait)
    })
  }
})


const promiseReduce = (acc, next) => {
  // we wait for the accumulator to resolve it's promise
  return acc.then((accResult) => {
    // and then we return a new promise that will become
    // the new value for the accumulator
    return next().then((nextResult) => {
      // that eventually will resolve to a new array containing
      // the value of the two promises
      return accResult.concat(nextResult)
    })
  })
};
// the accumulator will always be a promise that resolves to an array
const accumulator = Promise.resolve([])

// we call reduce with the reduce function and the accumulator initial value
functions.reduce(promiseReduce, accumulator)
  .then((result) => {
    // let's display the final value here
    console.log('=== The final result ===')
    console.log(result)
  })

首先，您需要了解承诺是在创建时执行的。 例如，如果你有一个代码:

["a","b","c"].map(x => returnsPromise(x))

您需要更改为:

["a","b","c"].map(x => () => returnsPromise(x))

然后，我们需要按顺序链接承诺:

["a", "b", "c"].map(x => () => returnsPromise(x))
    .reduce(
        (before, after) => before.then(_ => after()),
        Promise.resolve()
    )

执行after()，将确保只有在promise到期时才创建(并执行)promise。