考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺,只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。

var readFile = function(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
};

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    var readSequential = function(index) {
      if (index >= files.length) {
        resolve();
      } else {
        readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
          readSequential(index + 1);
        }).catch(reject);
      }
    };

    readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
  });
};

上面的代码可以工作,但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码,这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?

最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生,这不是我想要的:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
    return readFile(file);
  }));
};

当前回答

我发现自己多次回到这个问题上,答案并没有给我我想要的,所以把这个放在这里给任何需要这个问题的人。

下面的代码执行顺序承诺执行(一个接一个),每一轮由多个调用组成:

async function sequence(list, cb) {
  const result = [];
  await list.reduce(async (promise, item) => promise
    .then(() => cb(item))
    .then((res) => result.push(res)
  ), Promise.resolve());
  return result;
}

展示:

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/axios/0.15.3/axios.min.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/@babel/standalone@7/babel.min.js"></script> <script type="text/babel"> function sleep(ms) { return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms)); } async function readFile(url, index) { console.log('Running index: ', index); // First action const firstTime = await axios.get(url); console.log('First API response: ', firstTime.data.activity); // Second action await sleep(1000); // Third action const secondTime = await axios.get(url); console.log('Second API response: ', secondTime.data.activity); // Fourth action await sleep(1000); return secondTime.data; } async function sequence(urls, fn) { const result = []; await urls.reduce(async (promise, url, index) => promise.then(() => fn(url, index)).then((res) => result.push(res)), Promise.resolve()); return result; } const urls = [ 'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity', 'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity', 'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity', ]; (async function init() { const result = await sequence(urls, readFile); console.log('result', result); })() </script>

其他回答

下面是我比较喜欢的连续运行任务的方式。

function runSerial() {
    var that = this;
    // task1 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    // task2 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    return Promise.resolve()
        .then(function() {
            return that.task1();
        })
        .then(function() {
            return that.task2();
        })
        .then(function() {
            console.log(" ---- done ----");
        });
}

有更多任务的情况会怎样呢?10 ?

function runSerial(tasks) {
  var result = Promise.resolve();
  tasks.forEach(task => {
    result = result.then(() => task());
  });
  return result;
}

我真的很喜欢@joelnet的回答,但对我来说,这种编码风格有点难以消化,所以我花了几天时间试图弄清楚如何以更可读的方式表达相同的解决方案,这就是我的想法,只是使用了不同的语法和一些注释。

// first take your work
const urls = ['/url1', '/url2', '/url3', '/url4']

// next convert each item to a function that returns a promise
const functions = urls.map((url) => {
  // For every url we return a new function
  return () => {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      // random wait in milliseconds
      const randomWait = parseInt((Math.random() * 1000),10)
      console.log('waiting to resolve in ms', randomWait)
      setTimeout(()=>resolve({randomWait, url}),randomWait)
    })
  }
})


const promiseReduce = (acc, next) => {
  // we wait for the accumulator to resolve it's promise
  return acc.then((accResult) => {
    // and then we return a new promise that will become
    // the new value for the accumulator
    return next().then((nextResult) => {
      // that eventually will resolve to a new array containing
      // the value of the two promises
      return accResult.concat(nextResult)
    })
  })
};
// the accumulator will always be a promise that resolves to an array
const accumulator = Promise.resolve([])

// we call reduce with the reduce function and the accumulator initial value
functions.reduce(promiseReduce, accumulator)
  .then((result) => {
    // let's display the final value here
    console.log('=== The final result ===')
    console.log(result)
  })

您的方法还不错,但它确实有两个问题:它会吞下错误,并且使用显式承诺构造反模式。

你可以解决这两个问题,并使代码更干净,同时仍然采用相同的一般策略:

var Q = require("q");

var readFile = function(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
};

var readFiles = function(files) {
  var readSequential = function(index) {
    if (index < files.length) {
      return readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
        return readSequential(index + 1);
      });
    }
  };

  // using Promise.resolve() here in case files.length is 0
  return Promise.resolve(readSequential(0)); // Start!
};

如果其他人在执行CRUD操作时需要一种有保证的严格顺序的方法来解析promise,您也可以使用以下代码作为基础。

只要你在调用每个函数之前添加'return',描述一个Promise,并使用这个例子作为基础,下一个.then()函数调用将在前一个函数完成后consistent启动:

getRidOfOlderShoutsPromise = () => {
    return readShoutsPromise('BEFORE')
    .then(() => {
        return deleteOlderShoutsPromise();
    })
    .then(() => {
        return readShoutsPromise('AFTER')
    })
    .catch(err => console.log(err.message));
}

deleteOlderShoutsPromise = () => {
    return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) => {
        console.log("in deleteOlderShouts");
        let d = new Date();
        let TwoMinuteAgo = d - 1000 * 90 ;
        All_Shouts.deleteMany({ dateTime: {$lt: TwoMinuteAgo}}, function(err) {
            if (err) reject();
            console.log("DELETED OLDs at "+d);
            resolve();        
        });
    });
}

readShoutsPromise = (tex) => {
    return new Promise( (resolve, reject) => {
        console.log("in readShoutsPromise -"+tex);
        All_Shouts
        .find({})
        .sort([['dateTime', 'ascending']])
        .exec(function (err, data){
            if (err) reject();
            let d = new Date();
            console.log("shouts "+tex+" delete PROMISE = "+data.length +"; date ="+d);
            resolve(data);
        });    
    });
}

2017年更新:如果环境支持,我会使用异步函数:

async function readFiles(files) {
  for(const file of files) {
    await readFile(file);
  }
};

如果你愿意,你可以延迟读取文件,直到你需要使用异步生成器(如果你的环境支持它):

async function* readFiles(files) {
  for(const file of files) {
    yield await readFile(file);
  }
};

更新:在第二个想法-我可能会用一个for循环代替:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  var p = Promise.resolve(); // Q() in q

  files.forEach(file =>
      p = p.then(() => readFile(file)); 
  );
  return p;
};

或者更确切地说,用reduce:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return files.reduce((p, file) => {
     return p.then(() => readFile(file));
  }, Promise.resolve()); // initial
};

在其他承诺库(如when和Bluebird)中,您有用于此的实用程序方法。

例如,蓝鸟将是:

var Promise = require("bluebird");
var fs = Promise.promisifyAll(require("fs"));

var readAll = Promise.resolve(files).map(fs.readFileAsync,{concurrency: 1 });
// if the order matters, you can use Promise.each instead and omit concurrency param

readAll.then(function(allFileContents){
    // do stuff to read files.
});

尽管现在没有理由不使用async await。