考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺，只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。
var readFile = function(file) {
... // Returns a promise.
};
var readFiles = function(files) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
var readSequential = function(index) {
if (index >= files.length) {
resolve();
} else {
readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
readSequential(index + 1);
}).catch(reject);
}
};
readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
});
};
上面的代码可以工作，但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码，这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?
最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生，这不是我想要的:
var readFiles = function(files) {
return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
return readFile(file);
}));
};
我发现自己多次回到这个问题上，答案并没有给我我想要的，所以把这个放在这里给任何需要这个问题的人。
下面的代码执行顺序承诺执行(一个接一个)，每一轮由多个调用组成:
async function sequence(list, cb) {
const result = [];
await list.reduce(async (promise, item) => promise
.then(() => cb(item))
.then((res) => result.push(res)
), Promise.resolve());
return result;
}
展示:
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/axios/0.15.3/axios.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@babel/standalone@7/babel.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/babel">
function sleep(ms) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
async function readFile(url, index) {
console.log('Running index: ', index);
// First action
const firstTime = await axios.get(url);
console.log('First API response: ', firstTime.data.activity);
// Second action
await sleep(1000);
// Third action
const secondTime = await axios.get(url);
console.log('Second API response: ', secondTime.data.activity);
// Fourth action
await sleep(1000);
return secondTime.data;
}
async function sequence(urls, fn) {
const result = [];
await urls.reduce(async (promise, url, index) => promise.then(() => fn(url, index)).then((res) => result.push(res)), Promise.resolve());
return result;
}
const urls = [
'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity',
'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity',
'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity',
];
(async function init() {
const result = await sequence(urls, readFile);
console.log('result', result);
})()
</script>
我使用以下代码扩展Promise对象。它处理承诺的拒绝并返回一个结果数组
Code
/*
Runs tasks in sequence and resolves a promise upon finish
tasks: an array of functions that return a promise upon call.
parameters: an array of arrays corresponding to the parameters to be passed on each function call.
context: Object to use as context to call each function. (The 'this' keyword that may be used inside the function definition)
*/
Promise.sequence = function(tasks, parameters = [], context = null) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
var nextTask = tasks.splice(0,1)[0].apply(context, parameters[0]); //Dequeue and call the first task
var output = new Array(tasks.length + 1);
var errorFlag = false;
tasks.forEach((task, index) => {
nextTask = nextTask.then(r => {
output[index] = r;
return task.apply(context, parameters[index+1]);
}, e=>{
output[index] = e;
errorFlag = true;
return task.apply(context, parameters[index+1]);
});
});
// Last task
nextTask.then(r=>{
output[output.length - 1] = r;
if (errorFlag) reject(output); else resolve(output);
})
.catch(e=>{
output[output.length - 1] = e;
reject(output);
});
});
};
例子
function functionThatReturnsAPromise(n) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
//Emulating real life delays, like a web request
setTimeout(()=>{
resolve(n);
}, 1000);
});
}
var arrayOfArguments = [['a'],['b'],['c'],['d']];
var arrayOfFunctions = (new Array(4)).fill(functionThatReturnsAPromise);
Promise.sequence(arrayOfFunctions, arrayOfArguments)
.then(console.log)
.catch(console.error);
我的答案基于https://stackoverflow.com/a/31070150/7542429。
Promise.series = function series(arrayOfPromises) {
var results = [];
return arrayOfPromises.reduce(function(seriesPromise, promise) {
return seriesPromise.then(function() {
return promise
.then(function(result) {
results.push(result);
});
});
}, Promise.resolve())
.then(function() {
return results;
});
};
该解决方案以Promise.all()等数组的形式返回结果。
用法:
Promise.series([array of promises])
.then(function(results) {
// do stuff with results here
});
如果其他人在执行CRUD操作时需要一种有保证的严格顺序的方法来解析promise，您也可以使用以下代码作为基础。
只要你在调用每个函数之前添加'return'，描述一个Promise，并使用这个例子作为基础，下一个.then()函数调用将在前一个函数完成后consistent启动:
getRidOfOlderShoutsPromise = () => {
return readShoutsPromise('BEFORE')
.then(() => {
return deleteOlderShoutsPromise();
})
.then(() => {
return readShoutsPromise('AFTER')
})
.catch(err => console.log(err.message));
}
deleteOlderShoutsPromise = () => {
return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) => {
console.log("in deleteOlderShouts");
let d = new Date();
let TwoMinuteAgo = d - 1000 * 90 ;
All_Shouts.deleteMany({ dateTime: {$lt: TwoMinuteAgo}}, function(err) {
if (err) reject();
console.log("DELETED OLDs at "+d);
resolve();
});
});
}
readShoutsPromise = (tex) => {
return new Promise( (resolve, reject) => {
console.log("in readShoutsPromise -"+tex);
All_Shouts
.find({})
.sort([['dateTime', 'ascending']])
.exec(function (err, data){
if (err) reject();
let d = new Date();
console.log("shouts "+tex+" delete PROMISE = "+data.length +"; date ="+d);
resolve(data);
});
});
}
有一个npm包Promise Serial可以很好地做到这一点:
const Promise_serial = require('promise-serial');
const promises =
Array(15).fill()
.map((_, i) =>
() => new Promise(resolve => {
console.log('promise '+i+' start');
setTimeout(
() => {
console.log('promise '+i+' end');
resolve('output-'+i);
},
500
);
})
);
console.log('### Run promises in sequence')
Promise_serial(promises)
输出:
promise 0 start
promise 0 end
promise 1 start
promise 1 end
promise 2 start
promise 2 end
promise 3 start
promise 3 end
promise 4 start
promise 4 end
promise 5 start
promise 5 end
promise 6 start
promise 6 end
promise 7 start
promise 7 end
... etc
您还可以批处理或并行化它们。
参见:https://www.npmjs.com/package/promise-serial
