考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺，只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。
var readFile = function(file) {
... // Returns a promise.
};
var readFiles = function(files) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
var readSequential = function(index) {
if (index >= files.length) {
resolve();
} else {
readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
readSequential(index + 1);
}).catch(reject);
}
};
readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
});
};
上面的代码可以工作，但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码，这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?
最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生，这不是我想要的:
var readFiles = function(files) {
return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
return readFile(file);
}));
};
使用Async/Await(如果你有ES7的支持)
function downloadFile(fileUrl) { ... } // This function return a Promise
async function main()
{
var filesList = [...];
for (const file of filesList) {
await downloadFile(file);
}
}
(你必须使用for循环，而不是forEach，因为async/await在forEach循环中运行有问题)
没有Async/Await(使用Promise)
function downloadFile(fileUrl) { ... } // This function return a Promise
function downloadRecursion(filesList, index)
{
index = index || 0;
if (index < filesList.length)
{
downloadFile(filesList[index]).then(function()
{
index++;
downloadRecursion(filesList, index); // self invocation - recursion!
});
}
else
{
return Promise.resolve();
}
}
function main()
{
var filesList = [...];
downloadRecursion(filesList);
}
使用ES2016的async/await(可能还有ES2018的一些特性)，这可以简化为这样的形式:
function readFile(file) {
... // Returns a promise.
}
async function readFiles(files) {
for (file in files) {
await readFile(file)
}
}
I haven't seen another answer express that simplicity. The OP said parallel execution of readFile was not desired. However, with IO like this it really makes sense to not be blocking on a single file read, while keeping the loop execution synchronous (you don't want to do the next step until all files have been read). Since I just learned about this and am a bit excited about it, I'll share that approach of parallel asynchronous execution of readFile with overall synchronous execution of readFiles.
async function readFiles(files) {
await Promise.all(files.map(readFile))
}
这难道不是一件美好的事情吗?
这是对如何以更通用的方式处理承诺序列的扩展，支持基于spex的动态/无限序列。序列实现:
var $q = require("q");
var spex = require('spex')($q);
var files = []; // any dynamic source of files;
var readFile = function (file) {
// returns a promise;
};
function source(index) {
if (index < files.length) {
return readFile(files[index]);
}
}
function dest(index, data) {
// data = resolved data from readFile;
}
spex.sequence(source, dest)
.then(function (data) {
// finished the sequence;
})
.catch(function (error) {
// error;
});
这种解决方案不仅适用于任何大小的序列，而且还可以轻松地向其添加数据节流和负载平衡。
有一个npm包Promise Serial可以很好地做到这一点:
const Promise_serial = require('promise-serial');
const promises =
Array(15).fill()
.map((_, i) =>
() => new Promise(resolve => {
console.log('promise '+i+' start');
setTimeout(
() => {
console.log('promise '+i+' end');
resolve('output-'+i);
},
500
);
})
);
console.log('### Run promises in sequence')
Promise_serial(promises)
输出:
promise 0 start
promise 0 end
promise 1 start
promise 1 end
promise 2 start
promise 2 end
promise 3 start
promise 3 end
promise 4 start
promise 4 end
promise 5 start
promise 5 end
promise 6 start
promise 6 end
promise 7 start
promise 7 end
... etc
您还可以批处理或并行化它们。
参见:https://www.npmjs.com/package/promise-serial
我的答案基于https://stackoverflow.com/a/31070150/7542429。
Promise.series = function series(arrayOfPromises) {
var results = [];
return arrayOfPromises.reduce(function(seriesPromise, promise) {
return seriesPromise.then(function() {
return promise
.then(function(result) {
results.push(result);
});
});
}, Promise.resolve())
.then(function() {
return results;
});
};
该解决方案以Promise.all()等数组的形式返回结果。
用法:
Promise.series([array of promises])
.then(function(results) {
// do stuff with results here
});
