同时考虑时间和空间的复杂性。 归并排序: 时间复杂度:O(nlogn)， 空间复杂度:O(nlogn)

快速排序: 时间复杂度:O(n²)， 空间复杂度:O(n)

现在，他们各自在一个场景中获胜。 但是，使用随机枢轴，您几乎总是可以将快速排序的时间复杂度降低到O(nlogn)。

因此，在许多应用中，快速排序是首选，而不是归并排序。

快速排序有O(n2)最差情况运行时和O(nlogn)平均情况运行时。然而，在许多情况下，它优于归并排序，因为许多因素影响算法的运行时，并且，当把它们放在一起时，快速排序胜出。

In particular, the often-quoted runtime of sorting algorithms refers to the number of comparisons or the number of swaps necessary to perform to sort the data. This is indeed a good measure of performance, especially since it’s independent of the underlying hardware design. However, other things – such as locality of reference (i.e. do we read lots of elements which are probably in cache?) – also play an important role on current hardware. Quicksort in particular requires little additional space and exhibits good cache locality, and this makes it faster than merge sort in many cases.

此外，通过使用适当的枢轴选择，几乎完全避免快速排序的最坏情况运行时间O(n2)是非常容易的——比如随机选择它(这是一个很好的策略)。

在实践中，许多现代的快速排序实现(特别是libstdc++的std::sort)实际上是introsort，其理论上的最差情况是O(nlogn)，与归并排序相同。它通过限制递归深度，并在超过logn时切换到不同的算法(heapsort)来实现这一点。

快速排序并不比归并排序好。对于O(n²)(很少发生的最坏情况)，快速排序可能比归并排序的O(nlogn)慢得多。快速排序的开销更小，所以对于小n和速度较慢的计算机，它会更好。但是今天的计算机是如此之快，以至于合并排序的额外开销可以忽略不计，并且在大多数情况下，非常慢的快速排序的风险远远超过合并排序的微不足道的开销。

此外，归并排序将具有相同键的项按原始顺序保留，这是一个有用的属性。

One of the reason is more philosophical. Quicksort is Top->Down philosophy. With n elements to sort, there are n! possibilities. With 2 partitions of m & n-m which are mutually exclusive, the number of possibilities go down in several orders of magnitude. m! * (n-m)! is smaller by several orders than n! alone. imagine 5! vs 3! *2!. 5! has 10 times more possibilities than 2 partitions of 2 & 3 each . and extrapolate to 1 million factorial vs 900K!*100K! vs. So instead of worrying about establishing any order within a range or a partition,just establish order at a broader level in partitions and reduce the possibilities within a partition. Any order established earlier within a range will be disturbed later if the partitions themselves are not mutually exclusive.

任何自下而上的排序方法，如归并排序或堆排序，就像工人或雇员的方法一样，人们很早就开始在微观层面进行比较。但是，一旦在它们之间发现了一个元素，这个顺序就必然会丢失。这些方法非常稳定和可预测，但要做一定量的额外工作。

Quick Sort is like Managerial approach where one is not initially concerned about any order , only about meeting a broad criterion with No regard for order. Then the partitions are narrowed until you get a sorted set. The real challenge in Quicksort is in finding a partition or criterion in the dark when you know nothing about the elements to sort. That is why we either need to spend some effort to find a median value or pick 1 at random or some arbitrary "Managerial" approach . To find a perfect median can take significant amount of effort and leads to a stupid bottom up approach again. So Quicksort says just a pick a random pivot and hope that it will be somewhere in the middle or do some work to find median of 3 , 5 or something more to find a better median but do not plan to be perfect & don't waste any time in initially ordering. That seems to do well if you are lucky or sometimes degrades to n^2 when you don't get a median but just take a chance. Any way data is random. right. So I agree more with the top ->down logical approach of quicksort & it turns out that the chance it takes about pivot selection & comparisons that it saves earlier seems to work better more times than any meticulous & thorough stable bottom ->up approach like merge sort. But

答案将略微倾向于快速排序w.r.t的变化带来的DualPivotQuickSort的基本值。它在JAVA 7中用于在JAVA .util. arrays中排序

It is proved that for the Dual-Pivot Quicksort the average number of
comparisons is 2*n*ln(n), the average number of swaps is 0.8*n*ln(n),
whereas classical Quicksort algorithm has 2*n*ln(n) and 1*n*ln(n)
respectively. Full mathematical proof see in attached proof.txt
and proof_add.txt files. Theoretical results are also confirmed
by experimental counting of the operations.

您可以在这里找到JAVA7实现- http://grepcode.com/file/repository.grepcode.com/java/root/jdk/openjdk/7-b147/java/util/Arrays.java

关于DualPivotQuickSort的进一步精彩阅读- http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.java.openjdk.core-libs.devel/2628

快速排序具有更好的平均情况复杂度，但在某些应用中它是错误的选择。快速排序容易受到拒绝服务攻击。如果攻击者可以选择要排序的输入，他可以很容易地构造一个时间复杂度为o(n^2)的最坏情况的集合。

归并排序的平均情况复杂性和最坏情况复杂性是相同的，因此不会遇到相同的问题。归并排序的这一特性也使它成为实时系统的最佳选择——确切地说，因为没有导致它运行得非常非常慢的病理情况。

由于这些原因，我更喜欢归并排序，而不是快速排序。