为什么使用三元操作符和if-else，当你可以简单地这样做

#define sgn(x) x==0 ? 0 : x/abs(x)

类型安全的c++版本:

template <typename T> int sgn(T val) {
    return (T(0) < val) - (val < T(0));
}

好处:

Actually implements signum (-1, 0, or 1). Implementations here using copysign only return -1 or 1, which is not signum. Also, some implementations here are returning a float (or T) rather than an int, which seems wasteful. Works for ints, floats, doubles, unsigned shorts, or any custom types constructible from integer 0 and orderable. Fast! copysign is slow, especially if you need to promote and then narrow again. This is branchless and optimizes excellently Standards-compliant! The bitshift hack is neat, but only works for some bit representations, and doesn't work when you have an unsigned type. It could be provided as a manual specialization when appropriate. Accurate! Simple comparisons with zero can maintain the machine's internal high-precision representation (e.g. 80 bit on x87), and avoid a premature round to zero.

警告:

It's a template so it might take longer to compile in some circumstances. Apparently some people think use of a new, somewhat esoteric, and very slow standard library function that doesn't even really implement signum is more understandable. The < 0 part of the check triggers GCC's -Wtype-limits warning when instantiated for an unsigned type. You can avoid this by using some overloads: template <typename T> inline constexpr int signum(T x, std::false_type is_signed) { return T(0) < x; } template <typename T> inline constexpr int signum(T x, std::true_type is_signed) { return (T(0) < x) - (x < T(0)); } template <typename T> inline constexpr int signum(T x) { return signum(x, std::is_signed<T>()); } (Which is a good example of the first caveat.)

虽然接受的答案中的整数解决方案相当优雅，但它不能为双类型返回NAN，因此我对它进行了稍微修改。

template <typename T> double sgn(T val) {
    return double((T(0) < val) - (val < T(0)))/(val == val);
}

请注意，返回一个浮点NAN而不是硬编码NAN会导致在某些实现中设置符号位，因此val = -NAN和val = NAN的输出无论如何都是相同的(如果你更喜欢“NAN”输出而不是-NAN，你可以在返回之前放一个abs(val)…)

这个问题很老了，但现在有了这种理想函数。我用not, left shift和dec添加了一个包装器。

您可以使用C99中基于signbit的包装器函数来获得确切的期望行为(请参阅下面的代码)。

返回x的符号是否为负。 这也可以应用于无穷大，nan和零(如果零是无符号的，它被认为是正的

#include <math.h>

int signValue(float a) {
    return ((!signbit(a)) << 1) - 1;
}

注意:我使用operand not("!")是因为符号位的返回值没有指定为1(即使例子让我们认为它总是这样)，但对于负数是真的:

返回值 如果x的符号为负，则为非零值(true);否则为零(false)。

然后我左移乘以2(“<< 1”)，这将给我们一个正数2，一个负数0，最后减去1，分别得到1和-1的正数和负数，这是OP要求的。

我不知道它的标准函数。这里有一种有趣的写法:

(x > 0) - (x < 0)

这里有一个更容易理解的方法:

if (x > 0) return 1;
if (x < 0) return -1;
return 0;

如果你喜欢三元运算符，你可以这样做:

(x > 0) ? 1 : ((x < 0) ? -1 : 0)

有一种不用分支的方法，但不太好。

sign = -(int)((unsigned int)((int)v) >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1));

http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html

那一页上还有很多其他有趣的、过于聪明的东西……