假设您在Java中有一个链表结构。它由节点组成:
class Node {
Node next;
// some user data
}
每个节点都指向下一个节点，除了最后一个节点，它的next为空。假设有一种可能性，列表可以包含一个循环-即最后的节点，而不是有一个空值，有一个引用到列表中它之前的一个节点。
最好的写作方式是什么
boolean hasLoop(Node first)
如果给定的节点是带有循环的列表的第一个，则返回true，否则返回false ?你怎么能写出一个常数的空间和合理的时间呢?
下面是一个带有循环的列表的图片:
当前回答
//链表查找循环函数
int findLoop(struct Node* head)
{
struct Node* slow = head, *fast = head;
while(slow && fast && fast->next)
{
slow = slow->next;
fast = fast->next->next;
if(slow == fast)
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
其他回答
public boolean isCircular() {
if (head == null)
return false;
Node temp1 = head;
Node temp2 = head;
try {
while (temp2.next != null) {
temp2 = temp2.next.next.next;
temp1 = temp1.next;
if (temp1 == temp2 || temp1 == temp2.next)
return true;
}
} catch (NullPointerException ex) {
return false;
}
return false;
}
算法
public static boolean hasCycle (LinkedList<Node> list)
{
HashSet<Node> visited = new HashSet<Node>();
for (Node n : list)
{
visited.add(n);
if (visited.contains(n.next))
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
复杂性
Time ~ O(n)
Space ~ O(n)
乌龟和兔子
看看波拉德的算法。这不是完全相同的问题，但也许你会理解其中的逻辑，并将其应用于链表。
(如果你很懒，你可以看看周期检测——看看关于乌龟和兔子的那部分。)
这只需要线性时间和2个额外的指针。
在Java中:
boolean hasLoop( Node first ) {
if ( first == null ) return false;
Node turtle = first;
Node hare = first;
while ( hare.next != null && hare.next.next != null ) {
turtle = turtle.next;
hare = hare.next.next;
if ( turtle == hare ) return true;
}
return false;
}
(大多数解决方案不会同时检查next和next。接下来是null。此外，因为乌龟总是在后面，你不需要检查它是否为空——兔子已经检查过了。)
public boolean hasLoop(Node start){
TreeSet<Node> set = new TreeSet<Node>();
Node lookingAt = start;
while (lookingAt.peek() != null){
lookingAt = lookingAt.next;
if (set.contains(lookingAt){
return false;
} else {
set.put(lookingAt);
}
return true;
}
// Inside our Node class:
public Node peek(){
return this.next;
}
请原谅我的无知(我对Java和编程仍然相当陌生)，但为什么上面的方法不能工作呢?
I guess this doesn't solve the constant space issue... but it does at least get there in a reasonable time, correct? It will only take the space of the linked list plus the space of a set with n elements (where n is the number of elements in the linked list, or the number of elements until it reaches a loop). And for time, worst-case analysis, I think, would suggest O(nlog(n)). SortedSet look-ups for contains() are log(n) (check the javadoc, but I'm pretty sure TreeSet's underlying structure is TreeMap, whose in turn is a red-black tree), and in the worst case (no loops, or loop at very end), it will have to do n look-ups.
下面的方法可能不是最好的——它是O(n²)。然而，它应该有助于完成工作(最终)。
count_of_elements_so_far = 0;
for (each element in linked list)
{
search for current element in first <count_of_elements_so_far>
if found, then you have a loop
else,count_of_elements_so_far++;
}
