一位面试官最近问了我这样一个问题:给定三个布尔变量a、b和c,如果三个变量中至少有两个为真,则返回true。
我的解决方案如下:
boolean atLeastTwo(boolean a, boolean b, boolean c) {
if ((a && b) || (b && c) || (a && c)) {
return true;
}
else{
return false;
}
}
他说这还可以进一步改进,但如何改进呢?
If the goal is to return a bitwise two-out-of-three value for three operands, arithmetic and iterative approaches are apt to be relatively ineffective. On many CPU architectures, a good form would be "return ((a | b) & c) | (a & b);". That takes four boolean operations. On single-accumulator machines (common in small embedded systems) that's apt to take a total of seven instructions per byte. The form "return (a & b) | (a & c) | (b & c);" is perhaps nicer looking, but it would require five boolean operations, or nine instructions per byte on a single-accumulator machine.
顺便提一下,在CMOS逻辑中,计算“不是三选二”需要12个晶体管(相比之下,逆变器需要2个晶体管,双输入NAND或NOR需要4个晶体管,而三输入NAND或NOR需要6个晶体管)。
下面是使用map/reduce的另一个实现。在分布式环境中,这可以很好地扩展到数十亿布尔值©。使用MongoDB:
创建数据库的布尔值:
db.values.insert({value: true});
db.values.insert({value: false});
db.values.insert({value: true});
创建map, reduce函数:
编辑:我喜欢CurtainDog的回答有映射/减少适用于泛型列表,所以这里有一个地图函数,它接受一个回调,决定一个值是否应该被计数。
var mapper = function(shouldInclude) {
return function() {
emit(null, shouldInclude(this) ? 1 : 0);
};
}
var reducer = function(key, values) {
var sum = 0;
for(var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
sum += values[i];
}
return sum;
}
运行map / reduce:
var result = db.values.mapReduce(mapper(isTrue), reducer).result;
containsMinimum(2, result); // true
containsMinimum(1, result); // false
function isTrue(object) {
return object.value == true;
}
function containsMinimum(count, resultDoc) {
var record = db[resultDoc].find().next();
return record.value >= count;
}