一位面试官最近问了我这样一个问题:给定三个布尔变量a、b和c,如果三个变量中至少有两个为真,则返回true。

我的解决方案如下:

boolean atLeastTwo(boolean a, boolean b, boolean c) {
    if ((a && b) || (b && c) || (a && c)) {
        return true;
    }
    else{
        return false;
    }
}

他说这还可以进一步改进,但如何改进呢?


当前回答

总结一下。它被称为布尔代数是有原因的:

  0 x 0 = 0
  1 x 0 = 0
  1 x 1 = 1

  0 + 0 = 0
  1 + 0 = 1
  1 + 1 = 0 (+ carry)

如果你看那里的真值表,你可以看到乘法是布尔和,而简单的加法是异或。

回答你的问题:

return (a + b + c) >= 2

其他回答

设三个布尔值为A,B和C....

你可以使用一个k-MAP和一个布尔表达式…

在这种情况下,布尔表达式将是A(B+C) +C

或者if(A && (B || C) || C) { 返回true; } 其他的 返回错误;

Function ReturnTrueIfTwoIsTrue(bool val1, val2, val3))
{
     return (System.Convert.ToInt16(val1) +
             System.Convert.ToInt16(val2) +
             System.Convert.ToInt16(val3)) > 1;
}

有太多方法可以做到这一点……

这真的取决于你对“改进”的定义:

清晰吗?

boolean twoOrMoreAreTrue(boolean a, boolean b, boolean c)
{
    return (a && b) || (a && c) || (b && c);
}

反之亦然?

boolean moreThanTwo(boolean a, boolean b, boolean c)
{
    return a == b ? a : c;
}

更一般的?

boolean moreThanXTrue(int x, boolean[] bs)
{
    int count = 0;

    for(boolean b : bs)
    {
        count += b ? 1 : 0;

        if(count > x) return true;
    }

    return false;
}

更多的可伸缩的吗?

boolean moreThanXTrue(int x, boolean[] bs)
{
    int count = 0;

    for(int i < 0; i < bs.length; i++)
    {
        count += bs[i] ? 1 : 0;

        if(count > x) return true;

        int needed = x - count;
        int remaining = bs.length - i;

        if(needed >= remaining) return false;
    }

    return false;
}

更快呢?

// Only profiling can answer this.

哪一种是“改进”的,很大程度上取决于具体情况。

If the goal is to return a bitwise two-out-of-three value for three operands, arithmetic and iterative approaches are apt to be relatively ineffective. On many CPU architectures, a good form would be "return ((a | b) & c) | (a & b);". That takes four boolean operations. On single-accumulator machines (common in small embedded systems) that's apt to take a total of seven instructions per byte. The form "return (a & b) | (a & c) | (b & c);" is perhaps nicer looking, but it would require five boolean operations, or nine instructions per byte on a single-accumulator machine.

顺便提一下,在CMOS逻辑中,计算“不是三选二”需要12个晶体管(相比之下,逆变器需要2个晶体管,双输入NAND或NOR需要4个晶体管,而三输入NAND或NOR需要6个晶体管)。

另一个:

return a? b||c : b&&c