如何设置、清除和切换一点？
当前回答
如果你在做很多无聊的事情，你可能会想使用口罩，这会让整个事情变得更快。以下函数速度非常快，而且仍然灵活（它们允许在任何大小的位图中进行位旋转）。
const unsigned char TQuickByteMask[8] =
{
0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
};
/** Set bit in any sized bit mask.
*
* @return none
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
void TSetBit( short bit, unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
bitmap[x] |= TQuickByteMask[n]; // Set bit.
}
/** Reset bit in any sized mask.
*
* @return None
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
void TResetBit( short bit, unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
bitmap[x] &= (~TQuickByteMask[n]); // Reset bit.
}
/** Toggle bit in any sized bit mask.
*
* @return none
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
void TToggleBit( short bit, unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
bitmap[x] ^= TQuickByteMask[n]; // Toggle bit.
}
/** Checks specified bit.
*
* @return 1 if bit set else 0.
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
short TIsBitSet( short bit, const unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
// Test bit (logigal AND).
if (bitmap[x] & TQuickByteMask[n])
return 1;
return 0;
}
/** Checks specified bit.
*
* @return 1 if bit reset else 0.
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
short TIsBitReset( short bit, const unsigned char *bitmap)
{
return TIsBitSet(bit, bitmap) ^ 1;
}
/** Count number of bits set in a bitmap.
*
* @return Number of bits set.
*
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
* @param size - Bitmap size (in bits).
*
* @note Not very efficient in terms of execution speed. If you are doing
* some computationally intense stuff you may need a more complex
* implementation which would be faster (especially for big bitmaps).
* See (http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html).
*/
int TCountBits( const unsigned char *bitmap, int size)
{
int i, count = 0;
for (i=0; i<size; i++)
if (TIsBitSet(i, bitmap))
count++;
return count;
}
注意，要在16位整数中设置位“n”，请执行以下操作：
TSetBit( n, &my_int);
这取决于你确保比特数在你通过的位图范围内。请注意，对于字节、字、dword、qword等的小端处理器，它们在内存中正确地相互映射（小端处理器比大端处理器“更好”的主要原因，啊，我感觉到一场火焰大战即将到来…）。
其他回答
使用标准C++库：std:：bitset＜N＞。
或者Boost版本：Boost:：dynamic_bitset。
没有必要自己动手：
#include <bitset>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::bitset<5> x;
x[1] = 1;
x[2] = 0;
// Note x[0-4] valid
std::cout << x << std::endl;
}
[Alpha:] > ./a.out
00010
与标准库编译时大小的位集相比，Boost版本允许运行时大小的比特集。
检查任意类型变量中任意位置的位：
#define bit_test(x, y) ( ( ((const char*)&(x))[(y)>>3] & 0x80 >> ((y)&0x07)) >> (7-((y)&0x07) ) )
示例用法：
int main(void)
{
unsigned char arr[8] = { 0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF };
for (int ix = 0; ix < 64; ++ix)
printf("bit %d is %d\n", ix, bit_test(arr, ix));
return 0;
}
笔记：这是设计为快速（考虑到其灵活性）和非分支。当编译Sun Studio 8时，它会产生高效的SPARC机器代码；我还在amd64上使用MSVC++2008测试了它。可以制作类似的宏来设置和清除位。与其他解决方案相比，此解决方案的关键区别在于它适用于几乎任何类型的变量中的任何位置。
如果你在做很多无聊的事情，你可能会想使用口罩，这会让整个事情变得更快。以下函数速度非常快，而且仍然灵活（它们允许在任何大小的位图中进行位旋转）。
const unsigned char TQuickByteMask[8] =
{
0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
};
/** Set bit in any sized bit mask.
*
* @return none
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
void TSetBit( short bit, unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
bitmap[x] |= TQuickByteMask[n]; // Set bit.
}
/** Reset bit in any sized mask.
*
* @return None
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
void TResetBit( short bit, unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
bitmap[x] &= (~TQuickByteMask[n]); // Reset bit.
}
/** Toggle bit in any sized bit mask.
*
* @return none
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
void TToggleBit( short bit, unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
bitmap[x] ^= TQuickByteMask[n]; // Toggle bit.
}
/** Checks specified bit.
*
* @return 1 if bit set else 0.
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
short TIsBitSet( short bit, const unsigned char *bitmap)
{
short n, x;
x = bit / 8; // Index to byte.
n = bit % 8; // Specific bit in byte.
// Test bit (logigal AND).
if (bitmap[x] & TQuickByteMask[n])
return 1;
return 0;
}
/** Checks specified bit.
*
* @return 1 if bit reset else 0.
*
* @param bit - Bit number.
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
*/
short TIsBitReset( short bit, const unsigned char *bitmap)
{
return TIsBitSet(bit, bitmap) ^ 1;
}
/** Count number of bits set in a bitmap.
*
* @return Number of bits set.
*
* @param bitmap - Pointer to bitmap.
* @param size - Bitmap size (in bits).
*
* @note Not very efficient in terms of execution speed. If you are doing
* some computationally intense stuff you may need a more complex
* implementation which would be faster (especially for big bitmaps).
* See (http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html).
*/
int TCountBits( const unsigned char *bitmap, int size)
{
int i, count = 0;
for (i=0; i<size; i++)
if (TIsBitSet(i, bitmap))
count++;
return count;
}
注意，要在16位整数中设置位“n”，请执行以下操作：
TSetBit( n, &my_int);
这取决于你确保比特数在你通过的位图范围内。请注意，对于字节、字、dword、qword等的小端处理器，它们在内存中正确地相互映射（小端处理器比大端处理器“更好”的主要原因，啊，我感觉到一场火焰大战即将到来…）。
比特场方法在嵌入式领域还有其他优势。您可以定义直接映射到特定硬件寄存器中的位的结构。
struct HwRegister {
unsigned int errorFlag:1; // one-bit flag field
unsigned int Mode:3; // three-bit mode field
unsigned int StatusCode:4; // four-bit status code
};
struct HwRegister CR3342_AReg;
您需要注意位打包顺序-我认为它首先是MSB，但这可能取决于实现。此外，验证编译器处理程序字段如何跨越字节边界。
然后，您可以像以前一样读取、写入和测试各个值。
展开位集答案：
#include <iostream>
#include <bitset>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
bitset<8> byte(std::string("10010011");
// Set Bit
byte.set(3); // 10010111
// Clear Bit
byte.reset(2); // 10010101
// Toggle Bit
byte.flip(7); // 00010101
cout << byte << endl;
return 0;
}
