ValueTuple-C#7更新

正如@cactuaroid在评论中提到的，可以使用值元组。这节省了一些击键，更重要的是纯粹在堆栈上执行（无垃圾）：

(PropA, PropB, PropC, PropD).GetHashCode();

（注意：使用匿名类型的原始技术似乎在堆上创建了一个对象，即垃圾，因为匿名类型被实现为类，尽管编译器可能会对此进行优化。对这些选项进行基准测试会很有趣，但元组选项应该更优。）

匿名类型（原始答案）

Microsoft已经提供了一个很好的通用HashCode生成器：只需将属性/字段值复制到匿名类型并对其进行哈希：

new { PropA, PropB, PropC, PropD }.GetHashCode();

这适用于任何数量的财产。它不使用拳击。它只是使用了框架中已经实现的匿名类型的算法。

我在使用上面选择的实现时遇到了浮点和小数的问题。

此测试失败（浮点数；哈希值相同，即使我将2个值切换为负值）：

        var obj1 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = 100m, D = 100m};
        var obj2 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = -100m, D = -100m};
        var hash1 = ComputeHash(obj1.A, obj1.B, obj1.C, obj1.D);
        var hash2 = ComputeHash(obj2.A, obj2.B, obj2.C, obj2.D);
        Assert.IsFalse(hash1 == hash2, string.Format("Hashcode values should be different   hash1:{0}  hash2:{1}",hash1,hash2));

但是这个测试通过了（int）：

        var obj1 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = 100, D = 100};
        var obj2 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = -100, D = -100};
        var hash1 = ComputeHash(obj1.A, obj1.B, obj1.C, obj1.D);
        var hash2 = ComputeHash(obj2.A, obj2.B, obj2.C, obj2.D);
        Assert.IsFalse(hash1 == hash2, string.Format("Hashcode values should be different   hash1:{0}  hash2:{1}",hash1,hash2));

我改变了我的实现，不再对原始类型使用GetHashCode，它似乎工作得更好

    private static int InternalComputeHash(params object[] obj)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            var result = (int)SEED_VALUE_PRIME;
            for (uint i = 0; i < obj.Length; i++)
            {
                var currval = result;
                var nextval = DetermineNextValue(obj[i]);
                result = (result * MULTIPLIER_VALUE_PRIME) + nextval;

            }
            return result;
        }
    }



    private static int DetermineNextValue(object value)
    {
        unchecked
        {

                int hashCode;
                if (value is short
                    || value is int
                    || value is byte
                    || value is sbyte
                    || value is uint
                    || value is ushort
                    || value is ulong
                    || value is long
                    || value is float
                    || value is double
                    || value is decimal)
                {
                    return Convert.ToInt32(value);
                }
                else
                {
                    return value != null ? value.GetHashCode() : 0;
                }
        }
    }

这是一个很好的例子：

/// <summary>
/// Helper class for generating hash codes suitable 
/// for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table. 
/// </summary>
public static class HashCodeHelper
{
    private static int GetHashCodeInternal(int key1, int key2)
    {
        unchecked
        {
           var num = 0x7e53a269;
           num = (-1521134295 * num) + key1;
           num += (num << 10);
           num ^= (num >> 6);

           num = ((-1521134295 * num) + key2);
           num += (num << 10);
           num ^= (num >> 6);

           return num;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="arr">An array of objects used for generating the 
    /// hash code.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode(params object[] arr)
    {
        int hash = 0;
        foreach (var item in arr)
            hash = GetHashCodeInternal(hash, item.GetHashCode());
        return hash;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj3">The third object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj4">The fourth object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and
    /// data structures like a hash table.
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2, T3 obj3,
        T4 obj4)
    {
        return GetHashCode(obj1, GetHashCode(obj2, obj3, obj4));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj3">The third object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2, T3 obj3)
    {
        return GetHashCode(obj1, GetHashCode(obj2, obj3));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2)
    {
        return GetHashCodeInternal(obj1.GetHashCode(), obj2.GetHashCode());
    }
}

下面是如何使用它：

private struct Key
{
    private Type _type;
    private string _field;

    public Type Type { get { return _type; } }
    public string Field { get { return _field; } }

    public Key(Type type, string field)
    {
        _type = type;
        _field = field;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return HashCodeHelper.GetHashCode(_field, _type);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (!(obj is Key))
            return false;
        var tf = (Key)obj;
        return tf._field.Equals(_field) && tf._type.Equals(_type);
    }
}

我想把我的最新发现添加到我经常提到的这个主题中。

我当前的visual studio/项目设置提供了将元组自动重构为结构的功能。这将生成如下GetHashCode函数：

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            int hashCode = -2088324004;
            hashCode = hashCode * -1521134295 + AuftragGesperrt.GetHashCode();
            hashCode = hashCode * -1521134295 + Auftrag_gesperrt_von.GetHashCode();
            hashCode = hashCode * -1521134295 + Auftrag_gesperrt_am.GetHashCode();
            return hashCode;
        }

编辑：为了澄清AuftragGesperrt、Auftrag _gesperrt_von和Auftrag-gesperrt _am是财产。如果微软的开发人员使用这个功能，这可能是一个不错的解决方案。

可以尝试采用C++Boost库的方法。类似于：

class HashUtil
{
  public static int HashCombine(int seed, int other)
  {
    unchecked
    {
      return other + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2);
    }
  }
}

然后：

class MyClass
{
  private string _field1;
  private int _field2;
  private AnotherClass _field3;
  private YetAnotherClass _field4;

  public override int GetHashCode()
  {
    int result = HashUtil.HashCombine(_field1.GetHashCode(), _field2);
    result = HashUtil.HashCombine(result, _field3.GetHashCode());
    return HashUtil.HashCombine(result, _field4.GetHashCode());
  }
}

我在Helper库中有一个Hashing类，用于此目的。

/// <summary> 
/// This is a simple hashing function from Robert Sedgwicks Hashing in C book.
/// Also, some simple optimizations to the algorithm in order to speed up
/// its hashing process have been added. from: www.partow.net
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input">array of objects, parameters combination that you need
/// to get a unique hash code for them</param>
/// <returns>Hash code</returns>
public static int RSHash(params object[] input)
{
    const int b = 378551;
    int a = 63689;
    int hash = 0;

    // If it overflows then just wrap around
    unchecked
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)
        {
            if (input[i] != null)
            {
                hash = hash * a + input[i].GetHashCode();
                a = a * b;
            }
        }
    }

    return hash;
}

然后，只需将其用作：

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    return Hashing.RSHash(_field1, _field2, _field3);
}

我没有评估它的表现，所以欢迎任何反馈。