def invertDictionary(d):
    myDict = {}
  for i in d:
     value = d.get(i)
     myDict.setdefault(value,[]).append(i)   
 return myDict
 print invertDictionary({'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3 , 'd' : 1})

这将提供输出为:{1:(' a ', ' d '), 2: [b], 3: [' c ']}

如果值不是唯一的并且可能是一个哈希(一维):

for k, v in myDict.items():
    if len(v) > 1:
        for item in v:
            invDict[item] = invDict.get(item, [])
            invDict[item].append(k)
    else:
        invDict[v] = invDict.get(v, [])
        invDict[v].append(k)

对于递归，如果你需要深入挖掘，那么只需要一维:

def digList(lst):
    temp = []
    for item in lst:
        if type(item) is list:
            temp.append(digList(item))
        else:
            temp.append(item)
    return set(temp)

for k, v in myDict.items():
    if type(v) is list:
        items = digList(v)
        for item in items:
            invDict[item] = invDict.get(item, [])
            invDict[item].append(k)
    else:
        invDict[v] = invDict.get(v, [])
        invDict[v].append(k)

函数对于list类型的值是对称的;执行reverse_dict(reverse_dict(dictionary))时，元组被转换为列表

def reverse_dict(dictionary):
    reverse_dict = {}
    for key, value in dictionary.iteritems():
        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            value = [value]
        for val in value:
            reverse_dict[val] = reverse_dict.get(val, [])
            reverse_dict[val].append(key)
    for key, value in reverse_dict.iteritems():
        if len(value) == 1:
            reverse_dict[key] = value[0]
    return reverse_dict

另一种更实用的方法是:

my_map = { 'a': 1, 'b':2 }
dict(map(reversed, my_map.items()))

即使在原始字典中有非唯一的值，这种方法也有效。

def dict_invert(d):
    '''
    d: dict
    Returns an inverted dictionary 
    '''
    # Your code here
    inv_d = {}
    for k, v in d.items():
        if v not in inv_d.keys():
            inv_d[v] = [k]
        else:
            inv_d[v].append(k)
        inv_d[v].sort()
        print(f"{inv_d[v]} are the values")
        
    return inv_d

试试python 2.7/3.x

inv_map={};
for i in my_map:
    inv_map[my_map[i]]=i    
print inv_map