def invertDictionary(d):
    myDict = {}
  for i in d:
     value = d.get(i)
     myDict.setdefault(value,[]).append(i)   
 return myDict
 print invertDictionary({'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3 , 'd' : 1})

这将提供输出为:{1:(' a ', ' d '), 2: [b], 3: [' c ']}

字典值为集合的一种情况。如:

some_dict = {"1":{"a","b","c"},
        "2":{"d","e","f"},
        "3":{"g","h","i"}}

逆函数是:

some_dict = {vi: k  for k, v in some_dict.items() for vi in v}

输出如下:

{'c': '1',
 'b': '1',
 'a': '1',
 'f': '2',
 'd': '2',
 'e': '2',
 'g': '3',
 'h': '3',
 'i': '3'}

Python 3 +:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.items()}

Python 2:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.iteritems()}

除了上面建议的其他函数，如果你喜欢lambdas:

invert = lambda mydict: {v:k for k, v in mydict.items()}

或者，你也可以这样做:

invert = lambda mydict: dict( zip(mydict.values(), mydict.keys()) )

我们也可以使用defaultdict来反转一个有重复键的字典:

from collections import Counter, defaultdict

def invert_dict(d):
    d_inv = defaultdict(list)
    for k, v in d.items():
        d_inv[v].append(k)
    return d_inv

text = 'aaa bbb ccc ddd aaa bbb ccc aaa' 
c = Counter(text.split()) # Counter({'aaa': 3, 'bbb': 2, 'ccc': 2, 'ddd': 1})
dict(invert_dict(c)) # {1: ['ddd'], 2: ['bbb', 'ccc'], 3: ['aaa']}  

在这里看到的:

这种技术比使用dict.setdefault()的等效技术更简单、更快。

不是完全不同的东西，只是从食谱中重写了一点。它通过保留setdefault方法进一步优化，而不是每次通过实例获取它:

def inverse(mapping):
    '''
    A function to inverse mapping, collecting keys with simillar values
    in list. Careful to retain original type and to be fast.
    >> d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=1, d=3, e=2, f=1, g=5, h=2)
    >> inverse(d)
    {1: ['f', 'c', 'a'], 2: ['h', 'b', 'e'], 3: ['d'], 5: ['g']}
    '''
    res = {}
    setdef = res.setdefault
    for key, value in mapping.items():
        setdef(value, []).append(key)
    return res if mapping.__class__==dict else mapping.__class__(res)

设计为在CPython 3下运行。X表示2。用mapping.iteritems()替换mapping.items()

在我的机器上运行得比这里的其他例子快一些