array = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12],[13,14,15,16]]

col1 = [val[1] for val in array]
col2 = [val[2] for val in array]
col3 = [val[3] for val in array]
col4 = [val[4] for val in array]
print(col1)
print(col2)
print(col3)
print(col4)

Output:
[1, 5, 9, 13]
[2, 6, 10, 14]
[3, 7, 11, 15]
[4, 8, 12, 16]

>>> x = arange(20).reshape(4,5)
>>> x array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
        [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
        [10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
        [15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])

如果你想要第二列，你可以用

>>> x[:, 1]
array([ 1,  6, 11, 16])

我更喜欢下一个提示: 将矩阵命名为matrix_a并使用column_number，例如:

import numpy as np
matrix_a = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]])
column_number=2

# you can get the row from transposed matrix - it will be a column:
col=matrix_a.transpose()[column_number]

所有列从一个矩阵到一个新的列表:

N = len(matrix) 
column_list = [ [matrix[row][column] for row in range(N)] for column in range(N) ]

您是否使用了NumPy数组?Python有array模块，但不支持多维数组。普通的Python列表也是一维的。

然而，如果你有一个简单的二维列表，像这样:

A = [[1,2,3,4],
     [5,6,7,8]]

然后你可以像这样提取一个列:

def column(matrix, i):
    return [row[i] for row in matrix]

提取第二列(索引1):

>>> column(A, 1)
[2, 6]

或者简单地说:

>>> [row[1] for row in A]
[2, 6]

如果你喜欢map-reduce风格的python, itemgetter操作符也会有帮助，而不是列表推导式，为了一点变化!

# tested in 2.4
from operator import itemgetter
def column(matrix,i):
    f = itemgetter(i)
    return map(f,matrix)

M = [range(x,x+5) for x in range(10)]
assert column(M,1) == range(1,11)