这就是我要做的:

#include <cmath>

int roundUp(int numToRound, int multiple)
{
    // if our number is zero, return immediately
   if (numToRound == 0)
        return multiple;

    // if multiplier is zero, return immediately
    if (multiple == 0)
        return numToRound;

    // how many times are number greater than multiple
    float rounds = static_cast<float>(numToRound) / static_cast<float>(multiple);

    // determine, whether if number is multiplier of multiple
    int floorRounds = static_cast<int>(floor(rounds));

    if (rounds - floorRounds > 0)
        // multiple is not multiplier of number -> advance to the next multiplier
        return (floorRounds+1) * multiple;
    else
        // multiple is multiplier of number -> return actual multiplier
        return (floorRounds) * multiple;
}

代码可能不是最优的，但比起枯燥的性能，我更喜欢干净的代码。

对于负numToRound:

这应该很容易做到，但标准的模%运算符并不像人们期望的那样处理负数。例如- 14% 12 = -2而不是10。首先要做的是得到一个永不返回负数的模运算符。roundUp非常简单。

public static int mod(int x, int n) 
{
    return ((x % n) + n) % n;
}

public static int roundUp(int numToRound, int multiple) 
{
    return numRound + mod(-numToRound, multiple);
}

这是使用模板函数的现代c++方法，该模板函数适用于float, double, long, int和short(但不适用于long long和long double，因为使用了double值)。

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>

template<typename T>
T roundMultiple( T value, T multiple )
{
    if (multiple == 0) return value;
    return static_cast<T>(std::round(static_cast<double>(value)/static_cast<double>(multiple))*static_cast<double>(multiple));
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << roundMultiple(39298.0, 100.0) << std::endl;
    std::cout << roundMultiple(20930.0f, 1000.0f) << std::endl;
    std::cout << roundMultiple(287399, 10) << std::endl;
}

但是你可以很容易地通过模板专门化添加long long和long double的支持，如下所示:

template<>
long double roundMultiple<long double>( long double value, long double multiple)
{
    if (multiple == 0.0l) return value;
    return std::round(value/multiple)*multiple;
}

template<>
long long roundMultiple<long long>( long long value, long long multiple)
{
    if (multiple == 0.0l) return value;
    return static_cast<long long>(std::round(static_cast<long double>(value)/static_cast<long double>(multiple))*static_cast<long double>(multiple));
}

要创建向上舍入的函数，请使用std::ceil，而总是向下舍入的函数请使用std::floor。上面的例子是使用std::round进行舍入。

创建“round up”或更广为人知的“round ceiling”模板函数，如下所示:

template<typename T>
T roundCeilMultiple( T value, T multiple )
{
    if (multiple == 0) return value;
    return static_cast<T>(std::ceil(static_cast<double>(value)/static_cast<double>(multiple))*static_cast<double>(multiple));
}

创建“round down”或更广为人知的“round floor”模板函数，如下所示:

template<typename T>
T roundFloorMultiple( T value, T multiple )
{
    if (multiple == 0) return value;
    return static_cast<T>(std::floor(static_cast<double>(value)/static_cast<double>(multiple))*static_cast<double>(multiple));
}

想要一个简短而甜蜜的答案的人。这是我用的。不考虑消极因素。

n - (n % r)

这将返回前一个因子。

(n + r) - (n % r)

将返回下一个。希望这能帮助到一些人。：）

无限的可能性，仅适用于有符号整数:

N + ((r - N) % r

这将得到正整数的结果:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int roundUp(int numToRound, int multiple);

int main() {
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(7, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(117, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(477, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(1077, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(52,20) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(74,30) << endl;
    return 0;
}

int roundUp(int numToRound, int multiple) {
    if (multiple == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    int result = (int) (numToRound / multiple) * multiple;
    if (numToRound % multiple) {
        result += multiple;
    } 
    return result;
}

这里是输出:

answer is: 100
answer is: 200
answer is: 500
answer is: 1100
answer is: 60
answer is: 90