我用朱莉叶的代码做了这个通用状态机。这对我来说非常有效。
以下是好处:
你可以用两个枚举TState和TCommand在代码中创建新的状态机，
增加了struct TransitionResult<TState>以更好地控制[Try]GetNext()方法的输出结果
只通过AddTransition(TState, TCommand, TState)暴露嵌套类StateTransition，使其更容易使用
代码:
public class StateMachine<TState, TCommand>
where TState : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
where TCommand : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
{
protected class StateTransition<TS, TC>
where TS : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
where TC : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
{
readonly TS CurrentState;
readonly TC Command;
public StateTransition(TS currentState, TC command)
{
if (!typeof(TS).IsEnum || !typeof(TC).IsEnum)
{
throw new ArgumentException("TS,TC must be an enumerated type");
}
CurrentState = currentState;
Command = command;
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return 17 + 31 * CurrentState.GetHashCode() + 31 * Command.GetHashCode();
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
StateTransition<TS, TC> other = obj as StateTransition<TS, TC>;
return other != null
&& this.CurrentState.CompareTo(other.CurrentState) == 0
&& this.Command.CompareTo(other.Command) == 0;
}
}
private Dictionary<StateTransition<TState, TCommand>, TState> transitions;
public TState CurrentState { get; private set; }
protected StateMachine(TState initialState)
{
if (!typeof(TState).IsEnum || !typeof(TCommand).IsEnum)
{
throw new ArgumentException("TState,TCommand must be an enumerated type");
}
CurrentState = initialState;
transitions = new Dictionary<StateTransition<TState, TCommand>, TState>();
}
/// <summary>
/// Defines a new transition inside this state machine
/// </summary>
/// <param name="start">source state</param>
/// <param name="command">transition condition</param>
/// <param name="end">destination state</param>
protected void AddTransition(TState start, TCommand command, TState end)
{
transitions.Add(new StateTransition<TState, TCommand>(start, command), end);
}
public TransitionResult<TState> TryGetNext(TCommand command)
{
StateTransition<TState, TCommand> transition = new StateTransition<TState, TCommand>(CurrentState, command);
TState nextState;
if (transitions.TryGetValue(transition, out nextState))
return new TransitionResult<TState>(nextState, true);
else
return new TransitionResult<TState>(CurrentState, false);
}
public TransitionResult<TState> MoveNext(TCommand command)
{
var result = TryGetNext(command);
if(result.IsValid)
{
//changes state
CurrentState = result.NewState;
}
return result;
}
}
这是TryGetNext方法的返回类型:
public struct TransitionResult<TState>
{
public TransitionResult(TState newState, bool isValid)
{
NewState = newState;
IsValid = isValid;
}
public TState NewState;
public bool IsValid;
}
使用方法:
这是你如何从泛型类创建一个OnlineDiscountStateMachine:
为其状态定义一个enum OnlineDiscountState，为其命令定义一个enum OnlineDiscountCommand。
使用这两个枚举定义从泛型类派生的类OnlineDiscountStateMachine
从base(OnlineDiscountState. initialstate)派生构造函数，以便初始状态被设置为OnlineDiscountState。InitialState
根据需要多次使用AddTransition
public class OnlineDiscountStateMachine : StateMachine<OnlineDiscountState, OnlineDiscountCommand>
{
public OnlineDiscountStateMachine() : base(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected)
{
AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect, OnlineDiscountState.Connected);
AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect, OnlineDiscountState.Error_AuthenticationError);
AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Connected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Submit, OnlineDiscountState.WaitingForResponse);
AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.WaitingForResponse, OnlineDiscountCommand.DataReceived, OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected);
}
}
使用派生状态机
odsm = new OnlineDiscountStateMachine();
public void Connect()
{
var result = odsm.TryGetNext(OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect);
//is result valid?
if (!result.IsValid)
//if this happens you need to add transitions to the state machine
//in this case result.NewState is the same as before
Console.WriteLine("cannot navigate from this state using OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect");
//the transition was successfull
//show messages for new states
else if(result.NewState == OnlineDiscountState.Error_AuthenticationError)
Console.WriteLine("invalid user/pass");
else if(result.NewState == OnlineDiscountState.Connected)
Console.WriteLine("Connected");
else
Console.WriteLine("not implemented transition result for " + result.NewState);
}
