从我在Java中使用线程的时间来看,我发现了两种编写线程的方法:
使用可运行的机具:
public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
//Code
}
}
//Started with a "new Thread(new MyRunnable()).start()" call
或者,使用扩展线程:
public class MyThread extends Thread {
public MyThread() {
super("MyThread");
}
public void run() {
//Code
}
}
//Started with a "new MyThread().start()" call
这两个代码块有什么显著的区别吗?
在这里加上我的两分钱-始终尽可能使用机具Runnable。以下是关于为什么不应该使用扩展线程
理想情况下,您不应该扩展Thread类;线程类应为最终类。至少它的方法像thread.getId()。有关扩展线程的错误,请参阅本讨论。那些喜欢解谜的人可以看到扩展线程的另一个副作用。以下代码将在无人通知时打印无法访问的代码。
请参见http://pastebin.com/BjKNNs2G.
public class WaitPuzzle {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
DoNothing doNothing = new DoNothing();
new WaitForever(doNothing).start();
new WaitForever(doNothing).start();
new WaitForever(doNothing).start();
Thread.sleep(100);
doNothing.start();
while(true) {
Thread.sleep(10);
}
}
static class WaitForever extends Thread {
private DoNothing doNothing;
public WaitForever(DoNothing doNothing) {
this.doNothing = doNothing;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (doNothing) {
try {
doNothing.wait(); // will wait forever here as nobody notifies here
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Unreachable Code");
}
}
}
static class DoNothing extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Do Nothing ");
}
}
}
1.扩展线程接口,就像让类只作为线程一样。您的新类将像一个增强的线程。
jshell> public class Test extends Thread{
...> public Test(String name){
...> super(name);
...> }
...> public void run(){
...> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
...> }
...> }
| created class Test
jshell> Test t1=new Test("MyThread");
t1 ==> Thread[MyThread,5,main]
它创建一个线程,而不是Test对象。所以它会像一个线程。不能在线程之间共享Test类的实例。
2.实现可运行接口。
jshell> public class Test1 implements Runnable{
...> public void run(){
...> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
...> }
...> public String getName(){
...> return "testing";}
...> }
| created class Test1
jshell> Test1 t1=new Test1();
t1 ==> Test1@396a51ab --> this creates Test1 object.
该对象可以通过以下方式跨线程共享,
jshell> Thread t1=new Thread(t1,"Hai");
t ==> Thread[Hai,5,main]
jshell> Thread t=new Thread(t1,"Hai");
t ==> Thread[Hai,5,main]
我认为已经有很多关于这个话题的讨论,认为这可能对基础知识有所帮助。
对于大多数工作线程来说,最好的方法是将线程完全封装在工作线程类中,这样就不会有任何外部干扰,导致不需要的和无效的线程/类状态。
我刚刚发布了一个示例,因此我也将与您分享:
/**
* This worker can only run once
* @author JayC667
*/
public class ProperThreading {
private final Thread mThread = new Thread(() -> runWorkingLoop()); // if you want worker to be able to run multiple times, move initialisation into startThread()
private volatile boolean mThreadStarted = false;
private volatile boolean mStopRequested = false;
private final long mLoopSleepTime;
public ProperThreading(final long pLoopSleepTime /* pass more arguments here, store in members */ ) {
mLoopSleepTime = pLoopSleepTime;
}
public synchronized void startThread() {
if (mThreadStarted) throw new IllegalStateException("Worker Thread may only be started once and is already running!");
mThreadStarted = true;
mThread.start();
}
private void runWorkingLoop() {
while (!mStopRequested /* && other checks */ ) {
try {
// do the magic work here
Thread.sleep(mLoopSleepTime);
} catch (final InterruptedException e) {
break;
} catch (final Exception e) {
// do at least some basic handling here, you should NEVER ignore exception unless you know exactly what you're doing, and then it should be commented!
}
}
}
public synchronized void stopThread() {
if (!mThreadStarted) throw new IllegalStateException("Worker Thread is not even running yet!");
mStopRequested = true;
mThread.interrupt();
}
}