function rand7() {
    while (true) { //lowest base 5 random number > 7 reduces memory
        int num = (rand5()-1)*5 + rand5()-1;
    if (num < 21)  // improves performance
        return 1 + num%7;
    }
}

Python代码:

from random import randint
def rand7():
    while(True):
        num = (randint(1, 5)-1)*5 + randint(1, 5)-1
        if num < 21:
                return 1 + num%7

100000次运行的测试分布:

>>> rnums = []
>>> for _ in range(100000):
    rnums.append(rand7())
>>> {n:rnums.count(n) for n in set(rnums)}
{1: 15648, 2: 15741, 3: 15681, 4: 15847, 5: 15642, 6: 15806, 7: 15635}

int randbit( void )
{
    while( 1 )
    {
        int r = rand5();
        if( r <= 4 ) return(r & 1);
    }
}

int randint( int nbits )
{
    int result = 0;
    while( nbits-- )
    {
        result = (result<<1) | randbit();
    }
    return( result );
}

int rand7( void )
{
    while( 1 )
    {
        int r = randint( 3 ) + 1;
        if( r <= 7 ) return( r );
    }
}

//返回0-5之间概率相等的随机数 函数rand5() { return Math.floor(Math.random() * 6); ｝ //返回0-7之间概率相等的随机数 函数rand7() { If (rand5() % 2 == 0 && rand5() % 2 == 0) { 返回6 + rand5() % 2; }其他{ 返回rand5 (); ｝ ｝ console.log (rand7 ());

这类似于@RobMcAfee，除了我使用魔术数字而不是2维数组。

int rand7() {
    int m = 1203068;
    int r = (m >> (rand5() - 1) * 5 + rand5() - 1) & 7;

    return (r > 0) ? r : rand7();
}

这个解决方案受到了Rob McAfee的启发。 然而，它不需要循环，结果是一个均匀分布:

// Returns 1-5
var rnd5 = function(){
   return parseInt(Math.random() * 5, 10) + 1;
}
// Helper
var lastEdge = 0;
// Returns 1-7
var rnd7 = function () {
  var map = [
     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
     [ 6, 7, 1, 2, 3 ],
     [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 1 ],
     [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ],
     [ 7, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
  ];
  var result = map[rnd5() - 1][rnd5() - 1];
  if (result > 0) {
    return result;
  }
  lastEdge++;
  if (lastEdge > 7 ) {
    lastEdge = 1;
  }
  return lastEdge;
};

// Test the a uniform distribution
results = {}; for(i=0; i < 700000;i++) { var rand = rnd7(); results[rand] = results[rand] ? results[rand] + 1 : 1;} 
console.log(results)

结果:[1:99560,2:99932,3:100355,4:100262,5:99603,6:100062,7:100226]

js小提琴

这个表达式足以得到1 - 7之间的随机整数

int j = ( rand5()*2 + 4 ) % 7 + 1;