下面是一个利用c++ 11特性的答案

#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include <random>

int main()
{
    std::random_device rd;
    unsigned long seed = rd();
    std::cout << "seed = " << seed << std::endl;

    std::mt19937 engine(seed);

    std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(1, 5);
    auto rand5 = std::bind(dist, engine);

    const int n = 20;
    for (int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
    {
        std::cout << rand5() << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Use a lambda expression to define rand7
    auto rand7 = [&rand5]()->int
    {
        for (int result = 0; ; result = 0)
        {
            // Take advantage of the fact that
            // 5**6 = 15625 = 15624 + 1 = 7 * (2232) + 1.
            // So we only have to discard one out of every 15625 numbers generated.

            // Generate a 6-digit number in base 5
            for (int i = 0; i != 6; ++i)
            {
                result = 5 * result + (rand5() - 1);
            }

            // result is in the range [0, 15625)
            if (result == 15625 - 1)
            {
                // Discard this number
                continue;
            }

            // We now know that result is in the range [0, 15624), a range that can
            // be divided evenly into 7 buckets guaranteeing uniformity
            result /= 2232;
            return 1 + result;
        }
    };

    for (int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
    {
        std::cout << rand7() << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

这是我在看过别人的答案后得出的最简单的答案:

def r5tor7():
    while True:
        cand = (5 * r5()) + r5()
        if cand < 27:
            return cand

Cand在[6,27]范围内，如果r5()的可能结果是均匀分布的，则可能结果是均匀分布的。你可以用下面的代码来测试我的答案:

from collections import defaultdict

def r5_outcome(n):
    if not n:
        yield []
    else:
        for i in range(1, 6):
            for j in r5_outcome(n-1):
                yield [i] + j

def test_r7():
    d = defaultdict(int)
    for x in r5_outcome(2):
        s = sum([x[i] * 5**i for i in range(len(x))])
        if s < 27:
            d[s] += 1
    print len(d), d

R5_outcome(2)生成r5()结果的所有可能组合。我使用与解决方案代码中相同的筛选器进行测试。你可以看到所有的结果都是相等的，因为它们有相同的值。

面对这么复杂的答案，我觉得自己很蠢。

为什么不能:

int random1_to_7()
{
  return (random1_to_5() * 7) / 5;  
}

?

假设rand(n)在这里表示“从0到n-1均匀分布的随机整数”，下面是使用Python的randint的代码示例，它具有这种效果。它只使用randint(5)和常量来产生randint(7)的效果。其实有点傻

from random import randint
sum = 7
while sum >= 7:
    first = randint(0,5)   
    toadd = 9999
    while toadd>1:
        toadd = randint(0,5)
    if toadd:
        sum = first+5
    else:
        sum = first

assert 7>sum>=0 
print sum

以下是我的发现:

Random5产生1~5的范围，随机分布 如果我们运行3次并将它们加在一起，我们将得到3~15个随机分布的范围 在3~15范围内执行算术 (3~15) - 1 = (2~14) (2~14)/2 = (1~7)

然后我们得到1~7的范围，这是我们正在寻找的Random7。

package CareerCup;

public class RangeTransform {
 static int counter = (int)(Math.random() * 5 + 1);

 private int func() {
  return (int) (Math.random() * 5 + 1);
 }

 private int getMultiplier() {
  return counter % 5 + 1;
 }

 public int rangeTransform() {
  counter++;
  int count = getMultiplier();
  int mult = func() + 5 * count;
  System.out.println("Mult is : " + 5 * count);
  return (mult) % 7 + 1;
 }

 /**
  * @param args
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  RangeTransform rangeTransform = new RangeTransform();
  for (int i = 0; i < 35; i++)
   System.out.println("Val is : " + rangeTransform.rangeTransform());
 }
}