他使用的通用术语是测试替身(想想特技替身)。Test Double是一个通用术语，用于为测试目的替换生产对象的任何情况。杰拉德列出了各种各样的替身:

Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists. Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an InMemoryTestDatabase is a good example). Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test. Spies are stubs that also record some information based on how they were called. One form of this might be an email service that records how many messages it was sent(also called Partial Mock). Mocks are pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. They can throw an exception if they receive a call they don't expect and are checked during verification to ensure they got all the calls they were expecting.

源

Stub帮助我们运行测试。怎么做?它给出了有助于运行测试的值。这些值本身不是真实的，我们创建这些值只是为了运行测试。例如，我们创建一个HashMap来提供与数据库表中的值相似的值。因此，我们不直接与数据库交互，而是与Hashmap交互。

Mock是一个运行测试的伪对象。我们在这里输入assert。

存根用于您在测试中设置的具有预期返回值的方法。 mock用于void方法，这些方法在调用时的Assert中进行验证。

测试双打:

Fake: Fakes are objects that have working implementations, but not the same as production one. Such as: in-memory implementation of Data Access Object or Repository. Stub: Stub is an object that holds predefined data and uses it to answer calls during tests. Such as: an object that needs to grab some data from the database to respond to a method call. Mocks: Mocks are objects that register calls they receive. In test assertion, we can verify on Mocks that all expected actions were performed. Such as: a functionality that calls e-mail sending service. for more just check this.

模拟:帮助模拟和检查结果交互。这些交互 SUT调用它的依赖项来改变它们的状态。

存根:帮助模拟传入的交互。这些相互作用称为 SUT对其依赖项进行处理以获取输入数据。

来源:单元测试原则、实践和模式- Manning

我在阅读《单元测试的艺术》时，偶然发现了以下定义:

fake是一个通用术语，可以用来描述存根或模拟对象(手写或其他)，因为它们看起来都像真实的对象。赝品是存根还是mock取决于它在当前测试中的使用方式。如果它用于检查交互(根据其断言)，则它是一个模拟对象。否则，它就是存根。