他使用的通用术语是测试替身(想想特技替身)。Test Double是一个通用术语，用于为测试目的替换生产对象的任何情况。杰拉德列出了各种各样的替身:

Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists. Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an InMemoryTestDatabase is a good example). Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test. Spies are stubs that also record some information based on how they were called. One form of this might be an email service that records how many messages it was sent(also called Partial Mock). Mocks are pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. They can throw an exception if they receive a call they don't expect and are checked during verification to ensure they got all the calls they were expecting.

源

测试双打:

Fake: Fakes are objects that have working implementations, but not the same as production one. Such as: in-memory implementation of Data Access Object or Repository. Stub: Stub is an object that holds predefined data and uses it to answer calls during tests. Such as: an object that needs to grab some data from the database to respond to a method call. Mocks: Mocks are objects that register calls they receive. In test assertion, we can verify on Mocks that all expected actions were performed. Such as: a functionality that calls e-mail sending service. for more just check this.

我喜欢Roy Osherove的解释。

创建的每个类或对象都是Fake。如果您验证它是一个Mock 反对它的呼声。否则就是存根。

非常清楚和实际:

Stub:实现要伪造的类/对象的方法的类或对象，并且总是返回你想要的东西。

JavaScript示例:

var Stub = {
   method_a: function(param_a, param_b){
      return 'This is an static result';
   }
}

Mock:与存根相同，但是它增加了一些逻辑，当一个方法被调用时“验证”，这样你就可以确定某个实现正在调用该方法。

正如@mLevan所说，假设你正在测试一个用户注册类。在调用Save之后，它应该调用SendConfirmationEmail。

一个非常愚蠢的代码

var Mock = {
   calls: {
      method_a: 0
   }

   method_a: function(param_a, param_b){
     this.method_a++; 
     console.log('Mock.method_a its been called!');
   }
}

存根不会让你考试不及格，mock可以。

Stub

存根是用来伪造具有预先编程行为的方法的对象。为了避免不必要的副作用(例如，存根可能会进行一个虚假的获取调用，返回预先编程的响应，而不实际向服务器发出请求)，您可能会使用这个方法来代替现有的方法。

Mock

mock是用来模拟具有预编程行为和预编程期望的方法的对象。如果这些期望没有得到满足，那么mock将导致测试失败(例如，mock可以进行一个虚假的获取调用，返回预先编程的响应，而不实际向服务器发出请求，例如，第一个参数是“http://localhost:3008/”，否则测试将失败。)

区别

与模拟不同，存根没有预先编程的可能导致测试失败的期望。