测试对象根据某些提示(函数调用)或其他刺激来执行动作。下面是测试情况的具体例子。

场景——EMT学生考试

一名学生学习成为一名紧急医疗技术员。如果你对这个测试情况不熟悉，可以去看Ian Gallagher在《无耻之徒》第六季第十集的节目。

为了测试目的，寻找各种疾病的患者太昂贵了。相反，我们使用角色。我们问测试对象(Ian)"当你到达现场发现病人已经不能动弹，失去知觉你首先要做什么?"伊恩回答说:“我检查现场是否安全。”测试指导老师说“现场是安全的”。

教师(和演员)能够向测试对象的问题注入任意答案。

在这里，教练(和演员)是一个模拟。医学培训与计算机科学家一样使用这个术语(例如模拟代码模拟)。

场景——注册一个网站

你正在测试雅虎，一个你听说过的新的电子邮件服务。为了注册，你必须提供你的生日和其他侵入性问题的答案。

该网站要求你年满21岁。输入1970年1月1日。它满足了需求，并且将您从实现记住我的生日并输入它的工作流的费力过程中拯救出来。

这个日期是存根。这个词的用法只适用于计算机科学。

我偶然看到了《小嘲笑者鲍勃叔叔》的一篇有趣的文章。它以一种非常容易理解的方式解释了所有的术语，因此对初学者很有用。Martin fowler的文章很难读，尤其是对于像我这样的初学者。

测试双打:

Fake: Fakes are objects that have working implementations, but not the same as production one. Such as: in-memory implementation of Data Access Object or Repository. Stub: Stub is an object that holds predefined data and uses it to answer calls during tests. Such as: an object that needs to grab some data from the database to respond to a method call. Mocks: Mocks are objects that register calls they receive. In test assertion, we can verify on Mocks that all expected actions were performed. Such as: a functionality that calls e-mail sending service. for more just check this.

我在阅读《单元测试的艺术》时，偶然发现了以下定义:

fake是一个通用术语，可以用来描述存根或模拟对象(手写或其他)，因为它们看起来都像真实的对象。赝品是存根还是mock取决于它在当前测试中的使用方式。如果它用于检查交互(根据其断言)，则它是一个模拟对象。否则，它就是存根。

模拟:帮助模拟和检查结果交互。这些交互 SUT调用它的依赖项来改变它们的状态。

存根:帮助模拟传入的交互。这些相互作用称为 SUT对其依赖项进行处理以获取输入数据。

来源:单元测试原则、实践和模式- Manning

下面是对每一个的描述，然后是真实世界的样本。

Dummy - just bogus values to satisfy the API. Example: If you're testing a method of a class which requires many mandatory parameters in a constructor which have no effect on your test, then you may create dummy objects for the purpose of creating new instances of a class. Fake - create a test implementation of a class which may have a dependency on some external infrastructure. (It's good practice that your unit test does NOT actually interact with external infrastructure.) Example: Create fake implementation for accessing a database, replace it with in-memory collection. Stub - override methods to return hard-coded values, also referred to as state-based. Example: Your test class depends on a method Calculate() taking 5 minutes to complete. Rather than wait for 5 minutes you can replace its real implementation with stub that returns hard-coded values; taking only a small fraction of the time. Mock - very similar to Stub but interaction-based rather than state-based. This means you don't expect from Mock to return some value, but to assume that specific order of method calls are made. Example: You're testing a user registration class. After calling Save, it should call SendConfirmationEmail.

存根和Mock实际上是Mock的子类型，两者都交换了实际实现和测试实现，但出于不同的、特定的原因。