下面是对每一个的描述，然后是真实世界的样本。

Dummy - just bogus values to satisfy the API. Example: If you're testing a method of a class which requires many mandatory parameters in a constructor which have no effect on your test, then you may create dummy objects for the purpose of creating new instances of a class. Fake - create a test implementation of a class which may have a dependency on some external infrastructure. (It's good practice that your unit test does NOT actually interact with external infrastructure.) Example: Create fake implementation for accessing a database, replace it with in-memory collection. Stub - override methods to return hard-coded values, also referred to as state-based. Example: Your test class depends on a method Calculate() taking 5 minutes to complete. Rather than wait for 5 minutes you can replace its real implementation with stub that returns hard-coded values; taking only a small fraction of the time. Mock - very similar to Stub but interaction-based rather than state-based. This means you don't expect from Mock to return some value, but to assume that specific order of method calls are made. Example: You're testing a user registration class. After calling Save, it should call SendConfirmationEmail.

存根和Mock实际上是Mock的子类型，两者都交换了实际实现和测试实现，但出于不同的、特定的原因。

下面是对每一个的描述，然后是真实世界的样本。

Dummy - just bogus values to satisfy the API. Example: If you're testing a method of a class which requires many mandatory parameters in a constructor which have no effect on your test, then you may create dummy objects for the purpose of creating new instances of a class. Fake - create a test implementation of a class which may have a dependency on some external infrastructure. (It's good practice that your unit test does NOT actually interact with external infrastructure.) Example: Create fake implementation for accessing a database, replace it with in-memory collection. Stub - override methods to return hard-coded values, also referred to as state-based. Example: Your test class depends on a method Calculate() taking 5 minutes to complete. Rather than wait for 5 minutes you can replace its real implementation with stub that returns hard-coded values; taking only a small fraction of the time. Mock - very similar to Stub but interaction-based rather than state-based. This means you don't expect from Mock to return some value, but to assume that specific order of method calls are made. Example: You're testing a user registration class. After calling Save, it should call SendConfirmationEmail.

存根和Mock实际上是Mock的子类型，两者都交换了实际实现和测试实现，但出于不同的、特定的原因。

Mock——Mock拦截对一个方法或函数的调用(或者像模拟类那样的一组方法和函数)。它不是该方法或函数的替代品。在那次拦截中，mock可以做任何它想做的事情，比如记录输入和输出，决定短路调用，更改返回值，等等。

存根——存根是一个有效的方法或函数(或一组方法和函数，就像存根类一样)的完整工作实现，它与它存根的方法、函数或一组方法和函数具有相同的接口/签名。stub实现通常只会做在单元测试上下文中可以接受的事情，这意味着它不会做IO，同时模仿它要stub的东西的行为。

Stub

我相信最大的区别是您已经编写了带有预定行为的存根。所以你会有一个实现依赖的类(很可能是抽象类或接口)，你是为了测试目的而伪造的，方法只是用设置的响应来存根。它们不会做任何花哨的事情，而且您应该已经在测试之外为它编写了存根代码。

Mock

模拟是测试的一部分，你必须根据你的期望来设置。mock并不是预先设定好的，所以您可以在测试中使用它。模拟在某种程度上是在运行时确定的，因为设置期望的代码必须在它们执行任何操作之前运行。

mock和stub的区别

使用模拟编写的测试通常遵循初始化->设置期望->练习->验证模式进行测试。而预先编写的存根将遵循初始化->练习->验证。

mock和stub之间的相似性

这两种方法的目的都是为了消除对类或函数的所有依赖项的测试，从而使您的测试在试图证明的内容方面更加集中和简单。

有很多很棒的答案，我喜欢这个，所以我把它做成了一个表格。

存根和模拟都覆盖外部依赖项，但区别在于

stub ->用于测试数据

mock ->用于测试行为

不测试任何东西(只是用空方法覆盖功能，例如替换Logger以避免在测试时记录任何噪音)