我想证明一个GUID在一个简单的测试程序中不是唯一的。 我原以为下面的代码会运行几个小时，但它不起作用。我该怎么做呢?
BigInteger begin = new BigInteger((long)0);
BigInteger end = new BigInteger("340282366920938463463374607431768211456",10); //2^128
for(begin; begin<end; begin++)
Console.WriteLine(System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
我用的是c#。
当前回答
Well if the running time of 83 billion years does not scare you, think that you will also need to store the generated GUIDs somewhere to check if you have a duplicate; storing 2^128 16-byte numbers would only require you to allocate 4951760157141521099596496896 terabytes of RAM upfront, so imagining you have a computer which could fit all that and that you somehow find a place to buy terabyte DIMMs at 10 grams each, combined they will weigh more than 8 Earth masses, so you can seriously shift it off the current orbit, before you even press "Run". Think twice!
其他回答
Kai，我提供了一个程序，将做什么你想使用线程。它是根据以下条款授权的:您必须向我支付每小时每CPU内核0.0001美元的费用。费用在每个日历月的月底支付。请联系我的贝宝账户详细信息在您最早的方便。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace GuidCollisionDetector
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//var reserveSomeRam = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 100]; // This indeed has no effect.
Console.WriteLine("{0:u} - Building a bigHeapOGuids.", DateTime.Now);
// Fill up memory with guids.
var bigHeapOGuids = new HashSet<Guid>();
try
{
do
{
bigHeapOGuids.Add(Guid.NewGuid());
} while (true);
}
catch (OutOfMemoryException)
{
// Release the ram we allocated up front.
// Actually, these are pointless too.
//GC.KeepAlive(reserveSomeRam);
//GC.Collect();
}
Console.WriteLine("{0:u} - Built bigHeapOGuids, contains {1} of them.", DateTime.Now, bigHeapOGuids.LongCount());
// Spool up some threads to keep checking if there's a match.
// Keep running until the heat death of the universe.
for (long k = 0; k < Int64.MaxValue; k++)
{
for (long j = 0; j < Int64.MaxValue; j++)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0:u} - Looking for collisions with {1} thread(s)....", DateTime.Now, Environment.ProcessorCount);
System.Threading.Tasks.Parallel.For(0, Int32.MaxValue, (i) =>
{
if (bigHeapOGuids.Contains(Guid.NewGuid()))
throw new ApplicationException("Guids collided! Oh my gosh!");
}
);
Console.WriteLine("{0:u} - That was another {1} attempts without a collision.", DateTime.Now, ((long)Int32.MaxValue) * Environment.ProcessorCount);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Umm... why hasn't the universe ended yet?");
}
}
}
PS:我想试试并行扩展库。这很简单。
使用OutOfMemoryException作为控制流感觉是错误的。
EDIT
看来这还能吸引选票。所以我已经修复了GC.KeepAlive()问题。并将其更改为与c# 4一起运行。
澄清一下我的支持条款:支持只在2010年2月28日有效。请使用时间机器仅在当天提出支持请求。
编辑2 与往常一样，GC在管理内存方面比我做得更好;以前我自己做这件事的任何尝试都注定要失败。
任何两个guid都很可能是唯一的(不相等)。
看看这个SO条目，来自维基百科
而每个生成的GUID不是 保证是唯一的，总数 唯一键数(2^128或 3.4×10^38)是如此之大，以至于相同数字的概率为 生成两次是非常小的。为 例子,考虑可观测 宇宙，其中包含约5×10^22 星星;每颗恒星都有可能 6.8×10^15个通用唯一的guid。
所以你可能还要再等几十亿年，希望在我们所知道的宇宙结束之前，你能击中一个。
如果你担心独特性，你可以购买新的guid，这样你就可以扔掉旧的guid。如果你愿意，我可以把一些放在易趣网上。
[Update:] As the comments below point out, newer MS GUIDs are V4 and do not use the MAC address as part of the GUID generation (I haven't seen any indication of a V5 implementation from MS though, so if anyone has a link confirming that let me know). WIth V4 though, time is still a factor though, and the odds against duplication of GUIDs remains so small as to be irrelevant for any practical usage. You certainly would not be likely to ever generate a duplicate GUID from just a single system test such as the OP was trying to do.
大多数答案都忽略了微软GUID实现的一个关键点。GUID的第一部分基于时间戳，另一部分基于网卡的MAC地址(如果没有安装网卡，则为随机数)。
如果我理解正确，这意味着复制GUID的唯一可靠方法是在多台机器上同时运行GUID生成，其中MAC地址是相同的，并且两个系统上的时钟在生成发生时处于相同的确切时间(时间戳是基于毫秒的，如果我理解正确的话)....即使如此，数字中还有很多其他的位是随机的，所以几率仍然很小。
对于所有实际目的，guid都是惟一的。
在“旧的新事物”博客上有一个关于MS GUID的很好的描述
Well if the running time of 83 billion years does not scare you, think that you will also need to store the generated GUIDs somewhere to check if you have a duplicate; storing 2^128 16-byte numbers would only require you to allocate 4951760157141521099596496896 terabytes of RAM upfront, so imagining you have a computer which could fit all that and that you somehow find a place to buy terabyte DIMMs at 10 grams each, combined they will weigh more than 8 Earth masses, so you can seriously shift it off the current orbit, before you even press "Run". Think twice!
