我们所有使用关系数据库的人都知道(或正在学习)SQL是不同的。获得期望的结果,并有效地这样做,涉及到一个乏味的过程,其部分特征是学习不熟悉的范例,并发现一些我们最熟悉的编程模式在这里不起作用。常见的反模式是什么?
当前回答
使用@@IDENTITY代替SCOPE_IDENTITY()
引自以下回答:
@@IDENTITY returns the last identity value generated for any table in the current session, across all scopes. You need to be careful here, since it's across scopes. You could get a value from a trigger, instead of your current statement. SCOPE_IDENTITY returns the last identity value generated for any table in the current session and the current scope. Generally what you want to use. IDENT_CURRENT returns the last identity value generated for a specific table in any session and any scope. This lets you specify which table you want the value from, in case the two above aren't quite what you need (very rare). You could use this if you want to get the current IDENTITY value for a table that you have not inserted a record into.
其他回答
使用SQL作为美化的ISAM(索引顺序访问方法)包。特别是嵌套游标,而不是将SQL语句组合成一个更大的语句。这也算“滥用优化器”,因为实际上优化器能做的不多。这可以与非准备语句结合使用,以获得最大的效率:
DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3 FROM Table1
FOREACH c1 INTO a.col1, a.col2, a.col3
DECLARE c2 CURSOR FOR
SELECT Item1, Item2, Item3
FROM Table2
WHERE Table2.Item1 = a.col2
FOREACH c2 INTO b.item1, b.item2, b.item3
...process data from records a and b...
END FOREACH
END FOREACH
正确的解决方案(几乎总是)是将两个SELECT语句合并为一个:
DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3, Item1, Item2, Item3
FROM Table1, Table2
WHERE Table2.Item1 = Table1.Col2
-- ORDER BY Table1.Col1, Table2.Item1
FOREACH c1 INTO a.col1, a.col2, a.col3, b.item1, b.item2, b.item3
...process data from records a and b...
END FOREACH
双循环版本的唯一优点是,您可以很容易地发现表1中值之间的中断,因为内部循环结束了。这可能是控制中断报告中的一个因素。
此外,应用程序中的排序通常是不允许的。
The Altered View - A view that is altered too often and without notice or reason. The change will either be noticed at the most inappropriate time or worse be wrong and never noticed. Maybe your application will break because someone thought of a better name for that column. As a rule views should extend the usefulness of base tables while maintaining a contract with consumers. Fix problems but don't add features or worse change behavior, for that create a new view. To mitigate do not share views with other projects and, use CTEs when platforms allow. If your shop has a DBA you probably can't change views but all your views will be outdated and or useless in that case. The !Paramed - Can a query have more than one purpose? Probably but the next person who reads it won't know until deep meditation. Even if you don't need them right now chances are you will, even if it's "just" to debug. Adding parameters lowers maintenance time and keep things DRY. If you have a where clause you should have parameters. The case for no CASE - SELECT CASE @problem WHEN 'Need to replace column A with this medium to large collection of strings hanging out in my code.' THEN 'Create a table for lookup and add to your from clause.' WHEN 'Scrubbing values in the result set based on some business rules.' THEN 'Fix the data in the database' WHEN 'Formating dates or numbers.' THEN 'Apply formating in the presentation layer.' WHEN 'Createing a cross tab' THEN 'Good, but in reporting you should probably be using cross tab, matrix or pivot templates' ELSE 'You probably found another case for no CASE but now I have to edit my code instead of enriching the data...' END
也许这不是一个反模式,但它惹恼了我,当某些数据库的DBA(好吧,我在这里说的是Oracle)用Oracle风格和代码约定编写SQL Server代码,当它运行如此糟糕时抱怨。受够了游标Oracle的人!SQL是基于设置的。
Human readable password fields, egad. Self explanatory. Using LIKE against indexed columns, and I'm almost tempted to just say LIKE in general. Recycling SQL-generated PK values. Surprise nobody mentioned the god-table yet. Nothing says "organic" like 100 columns of bit flags, large strings and integers. Then there's the "I miss .ini files" pattern: storing CSVs, pipe delimited strings or other parse required data in large text fields. And for MS SQL server the use of cursors at all. There's a better way to do any given cursor task.
编辑是因为有太多了!
临时表滥用。
特别是这类事情:
SELECT personid, firstname, lastname, age
INTO #tmpPeople
FROM People
WHERE lastname like 's%'
DELETE FROM #tmpPeople
WHERE firstname = 'John'
DELETE FROM #tmpPeople
WHERE firstname = 'Jon'
DELETE FROM #tmpPeople
WHERE age > 35
UPDATE People
SET firstname = 'Fred'
WHERE personid IN (SELECT personid from #tmpPeople)
不要从查询中构建临时表,只是为了删除不需要的行。
是的,我在生产db中看到过这种形式的代码页。
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