微软应该为INotifyPropertyChanged实现一些时髦的东西,就像在自动属性中,只需要指定{get;设置;通知;} 我认为这样做很有意义。或者做这个手术有什么并发症吗?
我们能在属性中实现类似notify的东西吗。在你的类中实现INotifyPropertyChanged是否有一个优雅的解决方案,或者唯一的方法是在每个属性中引发PropertyChanged事件。
如果不是,我们可以写一些东西来自动生成一段代码来引发PropertyChanged事件?
微软应该为INotifyPropertyChanged实现一些时髦的东西,就像在自动属性中,只需要指定{get;设置;通知;} 我认为这样做很有意义。或者做这个手术有什么并发症吗?
我们能在属性中实现类似notify的东西吗。在你的类中实现INotifyPropertyChanged是否有一个优雅的解决方案,或者唯一的方法是在每个属性中引发PropertyChanged事件。
如果不是,我们可以写一些东西来自动生成一段代码来引发PropertyChanged事件?
当前回答
另一个组合解决方案是使用StackFrame:
public class BaseViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void Set<T>(ref T field, T value)
{
MethodBase method = new StackFrame(1).GetMethod();
field = value;
Raise(method.Name.Substring(4));
}
protected void Raise(string propertyName)
{
var temp = PropertyChanged;
if (temp != null)
{
temp(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
}
用法:
public class TempVM : BaseViewModel
{
private int _intP;
public int IntP
{
get { return _intP; }
set { Set<int>(ref _intP, value); }
}
}
其他回答
根据Thomas的回答,这是从Marc的回答改编而来的,我把反射属性更改代码变成了一个基类:
public abstract class PropertyChangedBase : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged;
if (handler != null)
handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
protected void OnPropertyChanged<T>(Expression<Func<T>> selectorExpression)
{
if (selectorExpression == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("selectorExpression");
var me = selectorExpression.Body as MemberExpression;
// Nullable properties can be nested inside of a convert function
if (me == null)
{
var ue = selectorExpression.Body as UnaryExpression;
if (ue != null)
me = ue.Operand as MemberExpression;
}
if (me == null)
throw new ArgumentException("The body must be a member expression");
OnPropertyChanged(me.Member.Name);
}
protected void SetField<T>(ref T field, T value, Expression<Func<T>> selectorExpression, params Expression<Func<object>>[] additonal)
{
if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, value)) return;
field = value;
OnPropertyChanged(selectorExpression);
foreach (var item in additonal)
OnPropertyChanged(item);
}
}
用法与Thomas的答案相同,只是您可以传递要通知的其他属性。这对于处理需要在网格中刷新的计算列是必要的。
private int _quantity;
private int _price;
public int Quantity
{
get { return _quantity; }
set { SetField(ref _quantity, value, () => Quantity, () => Total); }
}
public int Price
{
get { return _price; }
set { SetField(ref _price, value, () => Price, () => Total); }
}
public int Total { get { return _price * _quantity; } }
我有这个驱动存储在BindingList中的项的集合,通过DataGridView暴露。它消除了我对网格进行手动Refresh()调用的需要。
在实现这些类型的属性时,你可能要考虑的其他事情是INotifyPropertyChang *ed *ing都使用事件参数类。
如果要设置大量的属性,那么事件参数类实例的数量可能非常大,您应该考虑缓存它们,因为它们是可能发生字符串爆炸的区域之一。
看一下这个实现,并解释为什么要考虑它。
Josh Smiths博客
没有使用postsharp之类的东西,我使用的最小版本使用如下内容:
public class Data : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
// boiler-plate
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged;
if (handler != null) handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
protected bool SetField<T>(ref T field, T value, string propertyName)
{
if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, value)) return false;
field = value;
OnPropertyChanged(propertyName);
return true;
}
// props
private string name;
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set { SetField(ref name, value, "Name"); }
}
}
每个属性就像这样:
private string name;
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set { SetField(ref name, value, "Name"); }
}
这并不大;如果需要,它也可以用作基类。SetField的bool返回值告诉你它是否为no-op,以防你想应用其他逻辑。
或者用c# 5更简单:
protected bool SetField<T>(ref T field, T value,
[CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
{...}
可以这样称呼:
set { SetField(ref name, value); }
编译器会自动添加“Name”。
c# 6.0使实现更容易:
protected void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
{
PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
...现在是c# 7:
protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
=> PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
protected bool SetField<T>(ref T field, T value,[CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
{
if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, value)) return false;
field = value;
OnPropertyChanged(propertyName);
return true;
}
private string name;
public string Name
{
get => name;
set => SetField(ref name, value);
}
并且,使用c# 8和Nullable引用类型,它看起来像这样:
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName) => PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
protected bool SetField<T>(ref T field, T value, [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "")
{
if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, value)) return false;
field = value;
OnPropertyChanged(propertyName);
return true;
}
private string name;
public string Name
{
get => name;
set => SetField(ref name, value);
}
使用这个
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies;
public static class ObservableFactory
{
public static T Create<T>(T target)
{
if (!typeof(T).IsInterface)
throw new ArgumentException("Target should be an interface", "target");
var proxy = new Observable<T>(target);
return (T)proxy.GetTransparentProxy();
}
}
internal class Observable<T> : RealProxy, INotifyPropertyChanged, INotifyPropertyChanging
{
private readonly T target;
internal Observable(T target)
: base(ImplementINotify(typeof(T)))
{
this.target = target;
}
public override IMessage Invoke(IMessage msg)
{
var methodCall = msg as IMethodCallMessage;
if (methodCall != null)
{
return HandleMethodCall(methodCall);
}
return null;
}
public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging;
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
IMessage HandleMethodCall(IMethodCallMessage methodCall)
{
var isPropertySetterCall = methodCall.MethodName.StartsWith("set_");
var propertyName = isPropertySetterCall ? methodCall.MethodName.Substring(4) : null;
if (isPropertySetterCall)
{
OnPropertyChanging(propertyName);
}
try
{
object methodCalltarget = target;
if (methodCall.MethodName == "add_PropertyChanged" || methodCall.MethodName == "remove_PropertyChanged"||
methodCall.MethodName == "add_PropertyChanging" || methodCall.MethodName == "remove_PropertyChanging")
{
methodCalltarget = this;
}
var result = methodCall.MethodBase.Invoke(methodCalltarget, methodCall.InArgs);
if (isPropertySetterCall)
{
OnPropertyChanged(methodCall.MethodName.Substring(4));
}
return new ReturnMessage(result, null, 0, methodCall.LogicalCallContext, methodCall);
}
catch (TargetInvocationException invocationException)
{
var exception = invocationException.InnerException;
return new ReturnMessage(exception, methodCall);
}
}
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
var handler = PropertyChanged;
if (handler != null) handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanging(string propertyName)
{
var handler = PropertyChanging;
if (handler != null) handler(this, new PropertyChangingEventArgs(propertyName));
}
public static Type ImplementINotify(Type objectType)
{
var tempAssemblyName = new AssemblyName(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
var dynamicAssembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(
tempAssemblyName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndCollect);
var moduleBuilder = dynamicAssembly.DefineDynamicModule(
tempAssemblyName.Name,
tempAssemblyName + ".dll");
var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(
objectType.FullName, TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.Interface | TypeAttributes.Abstract);
typeBuilder.AddInterfaceImplementation(objectType);
typeBuilder.AddInterfaceImplementation(typeof(INotifyPropertyChanged));
typeBuilder.AddInterfaceImplementation(typeof(INotifyPropertyChanging));
var newType = typeBuilder.CreateType();
return newType;
}
}
}
我真的很喜欢Marc的解决方案,但我认为可以稍微改进一下,以避免使用“魔法字符串”(不支持重构)。与其将属性名作为字符串使用,不如将其创建为lambda表达式:
private string name;
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set { SetField(ref name, value, () => Name); }
}
只需要在Marc的代码中添加以下方法,就可以了:
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged<T>(Expression<Func<T>> selectorExpression)
{
if (selectorExpression == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("selectorExpression");
MemberExpression body = selectorExpression.Body as MemberExpression;
if (body == null)
throw new ArgumentException("The body must be a member expression");
OnPropertyChanged(body.Member.Name);
}
protected bool SetField<T>(ref T field, T value, Expression<Func<T>> selectorExpression)
{
if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, value)) return false;
field = value;
OnPropertyChanged(selectorExpression);
return true;
}
顺便说一句,这是受到这篇博客文章的启发。