它是非常简单的单行查询。

SELECT * FROM Table_Name ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 0,10;

我是这样做的:

select * 
from table_with_600k_rows
where rand() < 10/600000
limit 10

我喜欢它，因为它不需要其他表，写起来很简单，执行起来非常快。

如果你只有一个读请求

将@redsio的答案与一个临时表结合起来(600K并不是很多):

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS tmp_randorder;
CREATE TABLE tmp_randorder (id int(11) not null auto_increment primary key, data_id int(11));
INSERT INTO tmp_randorder (data_id) select id from datatable;

然后用一个@redsios的版本回答:

SELECT dt.*
FROM
       (SELECT (RAND() *
                     (SELECT MAX(id)
                        FROM tmp_randorder)) AS id)
        AS rnd
 INNER JOIN tmp_randorder rndo on rndo.id between rnd.id - 10 and rnd.id + 10
 INNER JOIN datatable AS dt on dt.id = rndo.data_id
 ORDER BY abs(rndo.id - rnd.id)
 LIMIT 1;

如果表比较大，可以先筛选第一部分:

INSERT INTO tmp_randorder (data_id) select id from datatable where rand() < 0.01;

如果你有很多读请求

Version: You could keep the table tmp_randorder persistent, call it datatable_idlist. Recreate that table in certain intervals (day, hour), since it also will get holes. If your table gets really big, you could also refill holes select l.data_id as whole from datatable_idlist l left join datatable dt on dt.id = l.data_id where dt.id is null; Version: Give your Dataset a random_sortorder column either directly in datatable or in a persistent extra table datatable_sortorder. Index that column. Generate a Random-Value in your Application (I'll call it $rand). select l.* from datatable l order by abs(random_sortorder - $rand) desc limit 1;

这个解决方案用最高和最低的random_sortorder来区分“边缘行”，所以在间隔中重新排列它们(一天一次)。

这非常快，而且是100%随机的，即使你有间隙。

将SELECT Count(*)中可用的行数计算为rows FROM TABLE 选择10个不同的随机数a_1,a_2，…，a_10在0到x之间 SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 1 offset a_i for i=1，…，10

我在Bill Karwin的《SQL反模式》一书中发现了这个破解方法。

这里有一个改变游戏规则的方法，可能对许多人有帮助;

我有一个有200k行的表，有连续的id，我需要选择N个随机行，所以我选择根据表中最大的id生成随机值，我创建了这个脚本来找出哪个是最快的操作:

logTime();
query("SELECT COUNT(id) FROM tbl");
logTime();
query("SELECT MAX(id) FROM tbl");
logTime();
query("SELECT id FROM tbl ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1");
logTime();

结果如下:

计数:36.8418693542479毫秒 Max: 0.241041183472 ms 订单:0.216960906982毫秒

根据这个结果，order desc是得到最大id的最快操作， 以下是我对这个问题的回答:

SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(n SEPARATOR ',') g FROM (
    SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * (
        SELECT id FROM tbl ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1
    )) n FROM tbl LIMIT 10) a

...
SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE id IN ($result);

供您参考:从一个200k表中随机获得10行，我花了1.78 ms(包括php方面的所有操作)

我改进了@Riedsio的答案。这是我在一个有间隙的大型均匀分布表上能找到的最有效的查询(测试从一个有> 2.6B行的表中获得1000个随机行)。

(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max := (SELECT MAX(id) FROM table)) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
(SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1)

让我来解释一下发生了什么。

(SELECT MAX(id) FROM table) 我在计算并保存最大值。对于非常大的表，每次需要一行时计算MAX(id)都会有轻微的开销 SELECT FLOOR(rand() * @max) + 1 as rand) 获取一个随机id SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN(… 这就填补了空白。基本上，如果你在间隙中随机选择一个数字，它就会选择下一个id。假设间隙是均匀分布的，这应该不是问题。

进行联合可以帮助您将所有内容放入一个查询中，从而避免进行多个查询。它还可以节省计算MAX(id)的开销。根据您的应用程序，这可能非常重要，也可能无关紧要。

注意，这只获取id，并以随机顺序获取它们。如果你想做更高级的事情，我建议你这样做:

SELECT t.id, t.name -- etc, etc
FROM table t
INNER JOIN (
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max := (SELECT MAX(id) FROM table)) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1) UNION
    (SELECT id FROM table INNER JOIN (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * @max) + 1 as rand) r on id > rand LIMIT 1)
) x ON x.id = t.id
ORDER BY t.id