SELECT column FROM table
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 10

这不是有效的解决方案，但确实有效

以下内容应该是快速的，公正的，独立于id列的。但是，它不能保证返回的行数与请求的行数匹配。

SELECT *
FROM t
WHERE RAND() < (SELECT 10 / COUNT(*) FROM t)

解释:假设你想要100行中的10行，那么每一行都有1/10的概率被选中，这可以通过WHERE RAND() < 0.1来实现。这种方法不能保证有10行;但是如果查询运行了足够多的次数，那么每次执行的平均行数将在10左右，并且表中的每一行都将被均匀地选择。

如果你想要一个随机记录(不管id之间是否有空隙):

PREPARE stmt FROM 'SELECT * FROM `table_name` LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?';
SET @count = (SELECT
        FLOOR(RAND() * COUNT(*))
    FROM `table_name`);

EXECUTE stmt USING @count;

来源:https://www.warpconduit.net/2011/03/23/selecting-a-random-record-using-mysql-benchmark-results/评论- 1266

所有最好的答案都已经贴出来了(主要是那些引用了http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/order-by-rand/的链接)。

I want to pinpoint another speed-up possibility - caching. Think of why you need to get random rows. Probably you want display some random post or random ad on a website. If you are getting 100 req/s, is it really needed that each visitor gets random rows? Usually it is completely fine to cache these X random rows for 1 second (or even 10 seconds). It doesn't matter if 100 unique visitors in the same 1 second get the same random posts, because the next second another 100 visitors will get different set of posts.

当使用这种缓存时，你也可以使用一些较慢的解决方案来获取随机数据，因为不管你的req/s如何，它每秒只会从MySQL中获取一次。

如何从表中随机选择行:

从这里开始: 在MySQL中随机选择行

对“表扫描”的快速改进是使用索引来获取随机id。

SELECT *
FROM random, (
        SELECT id AS sid
        FROM random
        ORDER BY RAND( )
        LIMIT 10
    ) tmp
WHERE random.id = tmp.sid;

我想这是最好的办法了。

SELECT id, id * RAND( ) AS random_no, first_name, last_name
FROM user
ORDER BY random_no