我如何才能最好地编写一个查询,从总共600k中随机选择10行?
当前回答
SELECT
*
FROM
table_with_600k_rows
WHERE
RAND( )
ORDER BY
id DESC
LIMIT 30;
Id是主键,按Id排序, 解释table_with_600k_rows,发现该行不扫描整个表
其他回答
您可以轻松地使用带限制的随机偏移量
PREPARE stm from 'select * from table limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;
您还可以像这样应用where子句
PREPARE stm from 'select * from table where available=true limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;
在600,000行(700MB)表查询执行上的测试花费了大约0.016秒的硬盘驱动器时间。
EDIT:偏移量可能取接近表末尾的值,这将导致select语句返回更少的行(或者可能只有一行),为了避免这种情况,我们可以在声明偏移量后再次检查,如下所示
SET @rows_count = 10;
PREPARE stm from "select * from table where available=true limit ? offset ?";
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@total-@_offset<@rows_count,@_offset-@rows_count,@_offset));
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@_offset<0,0,@_offset));
EXECUTE stm using @rows_count,@_offset;
这里有一个改变游戏规则的方法,可能对许多人有帮助;
我有一个有200k行的表,有连续的id,我需要选择N个随机行,所以我选择根据表中最大的id生成随机值,我创建了这个脚本来找出哪个是最快的操作:
logTime();
query("SELECT COUNT(id) FROM tbl");
logTime();
query("SELECT MAX(id) FROM tbl");
logTime();
query("SELECT id FROM tbl ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1");
logTime();
结果如下:
计数:36.8418693542479毫秒 Max: 0.241041183472 ms 订单:0.216960906982毫秒
根据这个结果,order desc是得到最大id的最快操作, 以下是我对这个问题的回答:
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(n SEPARATOR ',') g FROM (
SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * (
SELECT id FROM tbl ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1
)) n FROM tbl LIMIT 10) a
...
SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE id IN ($result);
供您参考:从一个200k表中随机获得10行,我花了1.78 ms(包括php方面的所有操作)
SELECT column FROM table
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 10
这不是有效的解决方案,但确实有效
一个伟大的职位处理几个情况,从简单,到差距,到不均匀与差距。
http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/order-by-rand/
对于大多数一般情况,你可以这样做:
SELECT name
FROM random AS r1 JOIN
(SELECT CEIL(RAND() *
(SELECT MAX(id)
FROM random)) AS id)
AS r2
WHERE r1.id >= r2.id
ORDER BY r1.id ASC
LIMIT 1
这假设id的分布是相等的,并且id列表中可能存在间隙。有关更高级的示例,请参阅本文
我需要一个查询从一个相当大的表中返回大量随机行。这是我想到的。首先获取最大记录id:
SELECT MAX(id) FROM table_name;
然后将该值代入:
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE id > FLOOR(RAND() * max) LIMIT n;
Where max is the maximum record id in the table and n is the number of rows you want in your result set. The assumption is that there are no gaps in the record id's although I doubt it would affect the result if there were (haven't tried it though). I also created this stored procedure to be more generic; pass in the table name and number of rows to be returned. I'm running MySQL 5.5.38 on Windows 2008, 32GB, dual 3GHz E5450, and on a table with 17,361,264 rows it's fairly consistent at ~.03 sec / ~11 sec to return 1,000,000 rows. (times are from MySQL Workbench 6.1; you could also use CEIL instead of FLOOR in the 2nd select statement depending on your preference)
DELIMITER $$
USE [schema name] $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `random_rows` $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `random_rows`(IN tab_name VARCHAR(64), IN num_rows INT)
BEGIN
SET @t = CONCAT('SET @max=(SELECT MAX(id) FROM ',tab_name,')');
PREPARE stmt FROM @t;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
SET @t = CONCAT(
'SELECT * FROM ',
tab_name,
' WHERE id>FLOOR(RAND()*@max) LIMIT ',
num_rows);
PREPARE stmt FROM @t;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
END
$$
then
CALL [schema name].random_rows([table name], n);
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