如何从表中随机选择行:

从这里开始: 在MySQL中随机选择行

对“表扫描”的快速改进是使用索引来获取随机id。

SELECT *
FROM random, (
        SELECT id AS sid
        FROM random
        ORDER BY RAND( )
        LIMIT 10
    ) tmp
WHERE random.id = tmp.sid;

我使用了Riedsio发布的http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/order-by-rand/(我使用了返回一个或多个随机值的存储过程的情况):

   DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS rands;
   CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE rands ( rand_id INT );

    loop_me: LOOP
        IF cnt < 1 THEN
          LEAVE loop_me;
        END IF;

        INSERT INTO rands
           SELECT r1.id
             FROM random AS r1 JOIN
                  (SELECT (RAND() *
                                (SELECT MAX(id)
                                   FROM random)) AS id)
                   AS r2
            WHERE r1.id >= r2.id
            ORDER BY r1.id ASC
            LIMIT 1;

        SET cnt = cnt - 1;
      END LOOP loop_me;

在这篇文章中，他通过维护一个表(使用触发器等)解决了id中的间隙导致不那么随机的结果的问题。参见文章); 我通过向表中添加另一列来解决这个问题，用连续的数字填充，从1开始(编辑:此列添加到运行时由子查询创建的临时表中，不影响永久表):

   DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS rands;
   CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE rands ( rand_id INT );

    loop_me: LOOP
        IF cnt < 1 THEN
          LEAVE loop_me;
        END IF;

        SET @no_gaps_id := 0;

        INSERT INTO rands
           SELECT r1.id
             FROM (SELECT id, @no_gaps_id := @no_gaps_id + 1 AS no_gaps_id FROM random) AS r1 JOIN
                  (SELECT (RAND() *
                                (SELECT COUNT(*)
                                   FROM random)) AS id)
                   AS r2
            WHERE r1.no_gaps_id >= r2.id
            ORDER BY r1.no_gaps_id ASC
            LIMIT 1;

        SET cnt = cnt - 1;
      END LOOP loop_me;

在文章中，我可以看到他花了很大的精力来优化代码;我不知道我的改变是否/有多大影响性能，但对我来说非常好。

我想这是最好的办法了。

SELECT id, id * RAND( ) AS random_no, first_name, last_name
FROM user
ORDER BY random_no

我得到了快速查询(大约0.5秒)，cpu很慢，在一个400K寄存器的MySQL数据库中随机选择10行，非缓存2Gb大小。在MySQL中快速选择随机行

$time= microtime_float();

$sql='SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pages';
$rquery= BD_Ejecutar($sql);
list($num_records)=mysql_fetch_row($rquery);
mysql_free_result($rquery);

$sql="SELECT id FROM pages WHERE RAND()*$num_records<20
   ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 0,10";
$rquery= BD_Ejecutar($sql);
while(list($id)=mysql_fetch_row($rquery)){
    if($id_in) $id_in.=",$id";
    else $id_in="$id";
}
mysql_free_result($rquery);

$sql="SELECT id,url FROM pages WHERE id IN($id_in)";
$rquery= BD_Ejecutar($sql);
while(list($id,$url)=mysql_fetch_row($rquery)){
    logger("$id, $url",1);
}
mysql_free_result($rquery);

$time= microtime_float()-$time;

logger("num_records=$num_records",1);
logger("$id_in",1);
logger("Time elapsed: <b>$time segundos</b>",1);

从书中:

使用偏移量选择随机行

这是另一种避免前面提到的问题的技术 替代方法是统计数据集中的行数并返回一个随机值 0到计数之间的数字。然后用这个数字作为抵消 查询数据集时

$rand = "SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Bugs))";
$offset = $pdo->query($rand)->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM Bugs LIMIT 1 OFFSET :offset";
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute( $offset );
$rand_bug = $stmt->fetch();

在不能假定连续键值和时使用此解决方案 您需要确保每一行都有均等的机会被选中。

如果你只有一个读请求

将@redsio的答案与一个临时表结合起来(600K并不是很多):

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS tmp_randorder;
CREATE TABLE tmp_randorder (id int(11) not null auto_increment primary key, data_id int(11));
INSERT INTO tmp_randorder (data_id) select id from datatable;

然后用一个@redsios的版本回答:

SELECT dt.*
FROM
       (SELECT (RAND() *
                     (SELECT MAX(id)
                        FROM tmp_randorder)) AS id)
        AS rnd
 INNER JOIN tmp_randorder rndo on rndo.id between rnd.id - 10 and rnd.id + 10
 INNER JOIN datatable AS dt on dt.id = rndo.data_id
 ORDER BY abs(rndo.id - rnd.id)
 LIMIT 1;

如果表比较大，可以先筛选第一部分:

INSERT INTO tmp_randorder (data_id) select id from datatable where rand() < 0.01;

如果你有很多读请求

Version: You could keep the table tmp_randorder persistent, call it datatable_idlist. Recreate that table in certain intervals (day, hour), since it also will get holes. If your table gets really big, you could also refill holes select l.data_id as whole from datatable_idlist l left join datatable dt on dt.id = l.data_id where dt.id is null; Version: Give your Dataset a random_sortorder column either directly in datatable or in a persistent extra table datatable_sortorder. Index that column. Generate a Random-Value in your Application (I'll call it $rand). select l.* from datatable l order by abs(random_sortorder - $rand) desc limit 1;

这个解决方案用最高和最低的random_sortorder来区分“边缘行”，所以在间隔中重新排列它们(一天一次)。