我知道这个回答有点晚了，但这就是我最后做的:

public class BaseAnimal : IEquatable<BaseAnimal>
{
    public string Name { private set; get; }
    public int Value { private set; get; }

    public BaseAnimal(int value, String name)
    {
        this.Name = name;
        this.Value = value;
    }

    public override String ToString()
    {
        return Name;
    }

    public bool Equals(BaseAnimal other)
    {
        return other.Name == this.Name && other.Value == this.Value;
    }
}

public class AnimalType : BaseAnimal
{
    public static readonly BaseAnimal Invertebrate = new BaseAnimal(1, "Invertebrate");

    public static readonly BaseAnimal Amphibians = new BaseAnimal(2, "Amphibians");

    // etc        
}

public class DogType : AnimalType
{
    public static readonly BaseAnimal Golden_Retriever = new BaseAnimal(3, "Golden_Retriever");

    public static readonly BaseAnimal Great_Dane = new BaseAnimal(4, "Great_Dane");

    // etc        
}

然后我就可以做这样的事情:

public void SomeMethod()
{
    var a = AnimalType.Amphibians;
    var b = AnimalType.Amphibians;

    if (a == b)
    {
        // should be equal
    }

    // call method as
    Foo(a);

    // using ifs
    if (a == AnimalType.Amphibians)
    {
    }
    else if (a == AnimalType.Invertebrate)
    {
    }
    else if (a == DogType.Golden_Retriever)
    {
    }
    // etc          
}

public void Foo(BaseAnimal typeOfAnimal)
{
}

您可以在enum中执行继承，但它仅限于以下类型。 Int, uint, byte, sbyte, short, ushort, long, ulong

E.g.

public enum Car:int{
Toyota,
Benz,
}

这是不可能的。枚举不能从其他枚举继承。事实上，所有枚举都必须从System.Enum继承。c#允许语法改变枚举值的底层表示，这看起来像继承，但实际上它们仍然继承自System.enum。

详细信息请参见CLI规范的8.5.2节。来自规范的相关信息

所有枚举必须从System派生。枚举 因此，所有枚举都是值类型，因此是密封的

我知道我来这个派对有点晚了，但这是我的意见。

我们都很清楚，框架不支持Enum继承。在这篇文章中提出了一些非常有趣的解决办法，但没有一个是我想要的，所以我自己尝试了一下。

介绍:ObjectEnum

您可以在这里查看代码和文档:https://github.com/dimi3tron/ObjectEnum。

软件包在这里:https://www.nuget.org/packages/ObjectEnum

或者直接安装它:install - package ObjectEnum

简而言之，ObjectEnum<TEnum>充当任何enum的包装器。通过重写子类中的GetDefinedValues()，可以指定哪些enum值对这个特定的类有效。

添加了许多操作符重载，以使ObjectEnum<TEnum>实例的行为就像底层枚举的实例一样，记住已定义的值限制。这意味着您可以轻松地将实例与int或enum值进行比较，从而在开关情况或任何其他条件中使用它。

我想参考上面提到的github回购的例子和进一步的信息。

我希望这对你有用。请随意评论或在github上打开一个问题以获得进一步的想法或评论。

下面是几个简短的例子，说明你可以用ObjectEnum<TEnum>做什么:

var sunday = new WorkDay(DayOfWeek.Sunday); //throws exception
var monday = new WorkDay(DayOfWeek.Monday); //works fine
var label = $"{monday} is day {(int)monday}." //produces: "Monday is day 1."
var mondayIsAlwaysMonday = monday == DayOfWeek.Monday; //true, sorry...

var friday = new WorkDay(DayOfWeek.Friday);

switch((DayOfWeek)friday){
    case DayOfWeek.Monday:
        //do something monday related
        break;
        /*...*/
    case DayOfWeek.Friday:
        //do something friday related
        break;
}

This is what I did. What I've done differently is use the same name and the new keyword on the "consuming" enum. Since the name of the enum is the same, you can just mindlessly use it and it will be right. Plus you get intellisense. You just have to manually take care when setting it up that the values are copied over from the base and keep them sync'ed. You can help that along with code comments. This is another reason why in the database when storing enum values I always store the string, not the value. Because if you are using automatically assigned increasing integer values those can change over time.

// Base Class for balls 
public class Ball
{
    // keep synced with subclasses!
    public enum Sizes
    {
        Small,
        Medium,
        Large
    }
}

public class VolleyBall : Ball
{
    // keep synced with base class!
    public new enum Sizes
    {
        Small  = Ball.Sizes.Small,
        Medium = Ball.Sizes.Medium,
        Large  = Ball.Sizes.Large,
        SmallMedium,
        MediumLarge,
        Ginormous
    }
}

上述使用int常量类的解决方案缺乏类型安全。也就是说，你可以发明一些在课堂上没有定义的新值。 此外，举例来说，编写以这些类之一作为输入的方法是不可能的。

你需要写

public void DoSomethingMeaningFull(int consumeValue) ...

但是，在以前的Java中有一个基于类的解决方案，当时没有可用的枚举。这提供了几乎类似枚举的行为。唯一需要注意的是，这些常量不能在switch语句中使用。

public class MyBaseEnum
{
    public static readonly MyBaseEnum A = new MyBaseEnum( 1 );
    public static readonly MyBaseEnum B = new MyBaseEnum( 2 );
    public static readonly MyBaseEnum C = new MyBaseEnum( 3 );

    public int InternalValue { get; protected set; }

    protected MyBaseEnum( int internalValue )
    {
        this.InternalValue = internalValue;
    }
}

public class MyEnum : MyBaseEnum
{
    public static readonly MyEnum D = new MyEnum( 4 );
    public static readonly MyEnum E = new MyEnum( 5 );

    protected MyEnum( int internalValue ) : base( internalValue )
    {
        // Nothing
    }
}

[TestMethod]
public void EnumTest()
{
    this.DoSomethingMeaningful( MyEnum.A );
}

private void DoSomethingMeaningful( MyBaseEnum enumValue )
{
    // ...
    if( enumValue == MyEnum.A ) { /* ... */ }
    else if (enumValue == MyEnum.B) { /* ... */ }
    // ...
}