我如何连接两个std::向量?
当前回答
我已经实现了这个函数，它连接任何数量的容器，从右值引用移动和复制
namespace internal {
// Implementation detail of Concatenate, appends to a pre-reserved vector, copying or moving if
// appropriate
template<typename Target, typename Head, typename... Tail>
void AppendNoReserve(Target* target, Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
// Currently, require each homogenous inputs. If there is demand, we could probably implement a
// version that outputs a vector whose value_type is the common_type of all the containers
// passed to it, and call it ConvertingConcatenate.
static_assert(
std::is_same_v<
typename std::decay_t<Target>::value_type,
typename std::decay_t<Head>::value_type>,
"Concatenate requires each container passed to it to have the same value_type");
if constexpr (std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Head>) {
std::copy(head.begin(), head.end(), std::back_inserter(*target));
} else {
std::move(head.begin(), head.end(), std::back_inserter(*target));
}
if constexpr (sizeof...(Tail) > 0) {
AppendNoReserve(target, std::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}
}
template<typename Head, typename... Tail>
size_t TotalSize(const Head& head, const Tail&... tail) {
if constexpr (sizeof...(Tail) > 0) {
return head.size() + TotalSize(tail...);
} else {
return head.size();
}
}
} // namespace internal
/// Concatenate the provided containers into a single vector. Moves from rvalue references, copies
/// otherwise.
template<typename Head, typename... Tail>
auto Concatenate(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
size_t totalSize = internal::TotalSize(head, tail...);
std::vector<typename std::decay_t<Head>::value_type> result;
result.reserve(totalSize);
internal::AppendNoReserve(&result, std::forward<Head>(head), std::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
return result;
}
其他回答
对于提供push_back (string, vector, deque，…)功能的容器:
Std::copy(Std::begin(input)， Std::end(input)， Std::back_inserter(output))
and
对于提供insert (map, sets)功能的容器:
Std::copy(Std::begin(input)， Std::end(input)， Std::inserter(output, output.end()))
vector<int> v1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
vector<int> v2 = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
copy(v2.begin(), v2.end(), back_inserter(v1));
如果你正在使用c++ 11，并且希望移动元素而不仅仅是复制它们，你可以使用std::move_iterator和insert(或copy):
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
std::vector<int> dest{1,2,3,4,5};
std::vector<int> src{6,7,8,9,10};
// Move elements from src to dest.
// src is left in undefined but safe-to-destruct state.
dest.insert(
dest.end(),
std::make_move_iterator(src.begin()),
std::make_move_iterator(src.end())
);
// Print out concatenated vector.
std::copy(
dest.begin(),
dest.end(),
std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, "\n")
);
return 0;
}
对于int类型的例子来说，这并不会更有效，因为移动它们并不比复制它们更有效，但对于具有优化移动的数据结构，它可以避免复制不必要的状态:
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
std::vector<std::vector<int>> dest{{1,2,3,4,5}, {3,4}};
std::vector<std::vector<int>> src{{6,7,8,9,10}};
// Move elements from src to dest.
// src is left in undefined but safe-to-destruct state.
dest.insert(
dest.end(),
std::make_move_iterator(src.begin()),
std::make_move_iterator(src.end())
);
return 0;
}
移动之后，src的元素处于未定义但可以安全销毁的状态，它之前的元素被直接转移到dest的新元素中。
或者你可以用:
std::copy(source.begin(), source.end(), std::back_inserter(destination));
如果两个向量不包含完全相同类型的内容，则此模式非常有用，因为您可以使用某些内容而不是std::back_inserter来从一种类型转换为另一种类型。
下面是一个使用c++ 11移动语义的通用解决方案:
template <typename T>
std::vector<T> concat(const std::vector<T>& lhs, const std::vector<T>& rhs)
{
if (lhs.empty()) return rhs;
if (rhs.empty()) return lhs;
std::vector<T> result {};
result.reserve(lhs.size() + rhs.size());
result.insert(result.cend(), lhs.cbegin(), lhs.cend());
result.insert(result.cend(), rhs.cbegin(), rhs.cend());
return result;
}
template <typename T>
std::vector<T> concat(std::vector<T>&& lhs, const std::vector<T>& rhs)
{
lhs.insert(lhs.cend(), rhs.cbegin(), rhs.cend());
return std::move(lhs);
}
template <typename T>
std::vector<T> concat(const std::vector<T>& lhs, std::vector<T>&& rhs)
{
rhs.insert(rhs.cbegin(), lhs.cbegin(), lhs.cend());
return std::move(rhs);
}
template <typename T>
std::vector<T> concat(std::vector<T>&& lhs, std::vector<T>&& rhs)
{
if (lhs.empty()) return std::move(rhs);
lhs.insert(lhs.cend(), std::make_move_iterator(rhs.begin()), std::make_move_iterator(rhs.end()));
return std::move(lhs);
}
注意这与附加到向量有何不同。
