受Raymond Chen帖子的启发，假设你有一个4x4二维数组，写一个函数使它旋转90度。Raymond链接到伪代码中的解决方案，但我想看到一些真实的东西。
[1][2][3][4]
[5][6][7][8]
[9][0][1][2]
[3][4][5][6]
就变成:
[3][9][5][1]
[4][0][6][2]
[5][1][7][3]
[6][2][8][4]
更新:Nick的答案是最直接的，但是有没有比n²更好的方法呢?如果矩阵是10000x10000呢?
当前回答
下面是一个c#静态泛型方法，它可以为您完成这项工作。变量的名称很好，所以您可以很容易地理解算法的思想。
private static T[,] Rotate180 <T> (T[,] matrix)
{
var height = matrix.GetLength (0);
var width = matrix.GetLength (1);
var answer = new T[height, width];
for (int y = 0; y < height / 2; y++)
{
int topY = y;
int bottomY = height - 1 - y;
for (int topX = 0; topX < width; topX++)
{
var bottomX = width - topX - 1;
answer[topY, topX] = matrix[bottomY, bottomX];
answer[bottomY, bottomX] = matrix[topY, topX];
}
}
if (height % 2 == 0)
return answer;
var centerY = height / 2;
for (int leftX = 0; leftX < Mathf.CeilToInt(width / 2f); leftX++)
{
var rightX = width - 1 - leftX;
answer[centerY, leftX] = matrix[centerY, rightX];
answer[centerY, rightX] = matrix[centerY, leftX];
}
return answer;
}
其他回答
这是我对矩阵90度旋转的尝试，这是c中的2步解决方案，首先转置矩阵，然后交换cols。
#define ROWS 5
#define COLS 5
void print_matrix_b(int B[][COLS], int rows, int cols)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <=cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", B[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void swap_columns(int B[][COLS], int l, int r, int rows)
{
int tmp;
for (int i = 0; i <= rows; i++) {
tmp = B[i][l];
B[i][l] = B[i][r];
B[i][r] = tmp;
}
}
void matrix_2d_rotation(int B[][COLS], int rows, int cols)
{
int tmp;
// Transpose the matrix first
for (int i = 0; i <= rows; i++) {
for (int j = i; j <=cols; j++) {
tmp = B[i][j];
B[i][j] = B[j][i];
B[j][i] = tmp;
}
}
// Swap the first and last col and continue until
// the middle.
for (int i = 0; i < (cols / 2); i++)
swap_columns(B, i, cols - i, rows);
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int B[ROWS][COLS] = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{6, 7, 8, 9, 10},
{11, 12, 13, 14, 15},
{16, 17, 18, 19, 20},
{21, 22, 23, 24, 25}
};
matrix_2d_rotation(B, ROWS - 1, COLS - 1);
print_matrix_b(B, ROWS - 1, COLS -1);
return 0;
}
原地旋转不可能比O(n²)更快，原因是如果我们想旋转矩阵，我们必须至少一次触及所有n²元素，无论你实现什么算法。
这是我的实现，在C, O(1)内存复杂度，原地旋转，顺时针90度:
#include <stdio.h>
#define M_SIZE 5
static void initMatrix();
static void printMatrix();
static void rotateMatrix();
static int m[M_SIZE][M_SIZE];
int main(void){
initMatrix();
printMatrix();
rotateMatrix();
printMatrix();
return 0;
}
static void initMatrix(){
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < M_SIZE; i++){
for(j = 0; j < M_SIZE; j++){
m[i][j] = M_SIZE*i + j + 1;
}
}
}
static void printMatrix(){
int i, j;
printf("Matrix\n");
for(i = 0; i < M_SIZE; i++){
for(j = 0; j < M_SIZE; j++){
printf("%02d ", m[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
static void rotateMatrix(){
int r, c;
for(r = 0; r < M_SIZE/2; r++){
for(c = r; c < M_SIZE - r - 1; c++){
int tmp = m[r][c];
m[r][c] = m[M_SIZE - c - 1][r];
m[M_SIZE - c - 1][r] = m[M_SIZE - r - 1][M_SIZE - c - 1];
m[M_SIZE - r - 1][M_SIZE - c - 1] = m[c][M_SIZE - r - 1];
m[c][M_SIZE - r - 1] = tmp;
}
}
}
这是c#的
int[,] array = new int[4,4] {
{ 1,2,3,4 },
{ 5,6,7,8 },
{ 9,0,1,2 },
{ 3,4,5,6 }
};
int[,] rotated = RotateMatrix(array, 4);
static int[,] RotateMatrix(int[,] matrix, int n) {
int[,] ret = new int[n, n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
ret[i, j] = matrix[n - j - 1, i];
}
}
return ret;
}
C代码的矩阵旋转90度顺时针在任何M*N矩阵的地方
void rotateInPlace(int * arr[size][size], int row, int column){
int i, j;
int temp = row>column?row:column;
int flipTill = row < column ? row : column;
for(i=0;i<flipTill;i++){
for(j=0;j<i;j++){
swapArrayElements(arr, i, j);
}
}
temp = j+1;
for(i = row>column?i:0; i<row; i++){
for(j=row<column?temp:0; j<column; j++){
swapArrayElements(arr, i, j);
}
}
for(i=0;i<column;i++){
for(j=0;j<row/2;j++){
temp = arr[i][j];
arr[i][j] = arr[i][row-j-1];
arr[i][row-j-1] = temp;
}
}
}
