我想编写一个函数，该函数将执行shell命令并将其输出作为字符串返回，无论它是错误消息还是成功消息。我只想得到和用命令行得到的相同的结果。
什么样的代码示例可以做到这一点呢?
例如:
def run_command(cmd):
# ??????
print run_command('mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12')
# Should output something like:
# mysqladmin: CREATE DATABASE failed; error: 'Can't create database 'test'; database exists'
当前回答
如果你使用subprocess python模块，你可以分别处理命令的STDOUT、STDERR和返回码。您可以看到完整命令调用器实现的示例。当然你可以用try.扩展它，除非你想。
下面的函数返回STDOUT, STDERR和Return代码，以便您可以在另一个脚本中处理它们。
import subprocess
def command_caller(command=None)
sp = subprocess.Popen(command, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False)
out, err = sp.communicate()
if sp.returncode:
print(
"Return code: %(ret_code)s Error message: %(err_msg)s"
% {"ret_code": sp.returncode, "err_msg": err}
)
return sp.returncode, out, err
其他回答
可以将输出重定向到文本文件，然后将其读回来。
import subprocess
import os
import tempfile
def execute_to_file(command):
"""
This function execute the command
and pass its output to a tempfile then read it back
It is usefull for process that deploy child process
"""
temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
temp_file.close()
path = temp_file.name
command = command + " > " + path
proc = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
if proc.stderr:
# if command failed return
os.unlink(path)
return
with open(path, 'r') as f:
data = f.read()
os.unlink(path)
return data
if __name__ == "__main__":
path = "Somepath"
command = 'ecls.exe /files ' + path
print(execute(command))
如果您需要在多个文件上运行shell命令，这对我来说很有用。
import os
import subprocess
# Define a function for running commands and capturing stdout line by line
# (Modified from Vartec's solution because it wasn't printing all lines)
def runProcess(exe):
p = subprocess.Popen(exe, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')
# Get all filenames in working directory
for filename in os.listdir('./'):
# This command will be run on each file
cmd = 'nm ' + filename
# Run the command and capture the output line by line.
for line in runProcess(cmd.split()):
# Eliminate leading and trailing whitespace
line.strip()
# Split the output
output = line.split()
# Filter the output and print relevant lines
if len(output) > 2:
if ((output[2] == 'set_program_name')):
print filename
print line
编辑:刚刚看到Max Persson的解决方案和J.F. Sebastian的建议。继续把它整合进去。
出于某种原因，这个方法适用于Python 2.7，你只需要导入操作系统!
import os
def bash(command):
output = os.popen(command).read()
return output
print_me = bash('ls -l')
print(print_me)
如果你使用subprocess python模块，你可以分别处理命令的STDOUT、STDERR和返回码。您可以看到完整命令调用器实现的示例。当然你可以用try.扩展它，除非你想。
下面的函数返回STDOUT, STDERR和Return代码，以便您可以在另一个脚本中处理它们。
import subprocess
def command_caller(command=None)
sp = subprocess.Popen(command, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False)
out, err = sp.communicate()
if sp.returncode:
print(
"Return code: %(ret_code)s Error message: %(err_msg)s"
% {"ret_code": sp.returncode, "err_msg": err}
)
return sp.returncode, out, err
就像这样:
def runProcess(exe):
p = subprocess.Popen(exe, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
while(True):
# returns None while subprocess is running
retcode = p.poll()
line = p.stdout.readline()
yield line
if retcode is not None:
break
注意，我将stderr重定向到stdout，这可能不是你想要的，但我也想要错误消息。
这个函数一行一行地输出(通常你必须等待子进程完成才能得到完整的输出)。
对于你的情况，用法是:
for line in runProcess('mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12'.split()):
print line,
