我想编写一个函数，该函数将执行shell命令并将其输出作为字符串返回，无论它是错误消息还是成功消息。我只想得到和用命令行得到的相同的结果。
什么样的代码示例可以做到这一点呢?
例如:
def run_command(cmd):
# ??????
print run_command('mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12')
# Should output something like:
# mysqladmin: CREATE DATABASE failed; error: 'Can't create database 'test'; database exists'
当前回答
这要简单得多，但只适用于Unix(包括Cygwin)和Python2.7。
import commands
print commands.getstatusoutput('wc -l file')
它返回一个元组(return_value, output)。
对于在Python2和Python3中都可以工作的解决方案，请使用subprocess模块:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
output = Popen(["date"],stdout=PIPE)
response = output.communicate()
print response
其他回答
如果您需要在多个文件上运行shell命令，这对我来说很有用。
import os
import subprocess
# Define a function for running commands and capturing stdout line by line
# (Modified from Vartec's solution because it wasn't printing all lines)
def runProcess(exe):
p = subprocess.Popen(exe, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')
# Get all filenames in working directory
for filename in os.listdir('./'):
# This command will be run on each file
cmd = 'nm ' + filename
# Run the command and capture the output line by line.
for line in runProcess(cmd.split()):
# Eliminate leading and trailing whitespace
line.strip()
# Split the output
output = line.split()
# Filter the output and print relevant lines
if len(output) > 2:
if ((output[2] == 'set_program_name')):
print filename
print line
编辑:刚刚看到Max Persson的解决方案和J.F. Sebastian的建议。继续把它整合进去。
可以将输出重定向到文本文件，然后将其读回来。
import subprocess
import os
import tempfile
def execute_to_file(command):
"""
This function execute the command
and pass its output to a tempfile then read it back
It is usefull for process that deploy child process
"""
temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
temp_file.close()
path = temp_file.name
command = command + " > " + path
proc = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
if proc.stderr:
# if command failed return
os.unlink(path)
return
with open(path, 'r') as f:
data = f.read()
os.unlink(path)
return data
if __name__ == "__main__":
path = "Somepath"
command = 'ecls.exe /files ' + path
print(execute(command))
根据@senderle的说法，如果你像我一样使用python3.6:
def sh(cmd, input=""):
rst = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, input=input.encode("utf-8"))
assert rst.returncode == 0, rst.stderr.decode("utf-8")
return rst.stdout.decode("utf-8")
sh("ls -a")
将完全像您在bash中运行命令一样
出于某种原因，这个方法适用于Python 2.7，你只需要导入操作系统!
import os
def bash(command):
output = os.popen(command).read()
return output
print_me = bash('ls -l')
print(print_me)
在Python 3.7+中，使用subprocess.run并传递capture_output=True:
import subprocess
result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True)
print(repr(result.stdout))
这将返回字节:
b'hello world\n'
如果你想把字节转换成字符串，添加text=True:
result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(repr(result.stdout))
这将读取字节使用您的默认编码:
'hello world\n'
如果你需要手动指定不同的编码，使用encoding="your encoding"而不是text=True:
result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True, encoding="utf8")
print(repr(result.stdout))
